Communication And Human Behavior,9780205417902

Communication And Human Behavior

by ;
Edition: 5th
ISBN13: 9780205417902
ISBN10: 0205417906
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2005-05-05
Publisher(s): Pearson
List Price: $151.29

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Summary

Communication and Human Behavioroffers students a broad introduction to the study of communication which is expansive yet integrated, that links theory to practice, and that is rigorous yet readable. Neither a watered-down treatment of the subject nor a how-to text, this new edition presumes that the study of communication in human affairs is a complex phenomenon with important and far-reaching effects. Employing a thorough description of a variety of approaches and using the cohering insights of systems theory,Communication and Human Behaviorpresents to students the broad and colorful landscape of the field, outlines the history of communication study, and focuses on communication as a basic life process.

Table of Contents

Preface xvii
Introduction---Definitions and Theories
2(18)
Why Study Communication?
3(6)
Communication Is Fundamental to Our Lives
3(1)
Communication Is Complex
4(1)
Communication Is Vital to Occupational Effectiveness
5(2)
A Good Education Does Not Ensure Good Communication Competence
7(1)
Communication Is a Popular and Vibrant Field of Study
8(1)
Theories: Guides for Analysis and Action
9(3)
Personal Theories
10(1)
Scholarly Theories
11(1)
Combining Personal and Scholarly Theories
12(1)
Defining Communication
12(2)
Level of Observation
13(1)
The Question of Intent
13(1)
Point of View
14(1)
The Issue of Outcomes
14(1)
Fundamentals of Communication
14(3)
Communication Is a Process
15(1)
Communication Is Essential for Individuals, Relationships, Groups, Organizations, and Societies
15(1)
Communication Involves Responding to and Creating Messages and Transforming Them into Information That Can Be Used
15(2)
Communication Involves Adapting to People and the Environment
17(1)
Communication: A Definition
17(1)
Goals of Communication and Human Behavior
17(1)
Implications and Applications
18(1)
Summary
18(2)
The Field of Communication
20(14)
Early Communication Study
21(3)
Rhetoric and Speech
22(2)
Journalism
24(1)
The 1900s---1930s: Development of Speech and Journalism
24(1)
The 1940s and 1950s: Interdisciplinary Growth
25(1)
The 1960s: Integration
25(1)
The 1970s and Early 1980s: Growth and Specialization
26(2)
The Popularity of Communication
27(1)
The Late 1980s and 1990s: The Information Age
28(1)
Information As a Commodity
28(1)
Converging Media
28(1)
The Twenty-First Century: Communication Study Today
29(3)
Ancient and Newly Emergent
29(1)
Discipline and Interdisciplinary Link
29(1)
Personal and Professional Applicability
30(1)
Old and New Technology
30(1)
Problem and Solution
30(1)
Practical Skill and Fundamental Life Process
31(1)
Implications and Applications
32(1)
Summary
32(2)
The Evolution of Communication Theory
34(20)
The Evolution of an Idea
35(3)
Origins of Communication Theory: Early Greece
36(2)
The Twentieth Century
38(8)
Lasswell's View of Communication
38(1)
Shannon and Weaver's Model
39(1)
Schramm's Models
40(1)
Katz and Lazarsfeld's Model
41(1)
Westley and MacLean's Model
42(2)
Dance's Model
44(1)
Watzlawick, Beavin, and Jackson's Model
45(1)
Thayer's Model
45(1)
Communication Theory in the Twenty-First Century
46(2)
Reflections on the Evolution of Communication Theory
48(2)
Paradigms and Anomalies
48(2)
Communication Theory Today
50(1)
Implications and Applications
50(1)
Summary
50(4)
Communication---A Basic Life Process
54(16)
Communication Processes in Animals and Humans
55(1)
Communication Modes
56(4)
Visual Messages
56(1)
Tactile Messages
57(1)
Olfactory and Gustatory Messages
58(1)
Auditory Messages
59(1)
Basic Life Functions of Communication
60(6)
Courtship and Mating
60(1)
Reproduction
61(1)
Parent--Offspring Relations and Socialization
62(1)
Navigation
63(1)
Self-Defense
64(1)
Territoriality
64(2)
Beyond S fi M fi R = E: The Adaptation Perspective
66(1)
Implications and Applications
67(1)
Summary
68(2)
Fundamentals of Human Communication
70(22)
The Communication Iceberg
71(2)
The Visibility and Invisibility of Human Communication
71(2)
Visible Aspects of Communication
73(6)
People
73(1)
Symbols
73(4)
Technology
77(2)
Invisible Aspects of Communication
79(9)
Meaning
79(1)
Learning
80(2)
Subjectivity
82(2)
Negotiation
84(1)
Culture
84(1)
Interacting Contexts and Levels
85(1)
Self-Reference
86(1)
Self-Reflexivity
86(1)
Ethics
86(2)
Inevitability
88(1)
Implications and Applications
88(1)
Summary
89(3)
Information Reception
92(32)
Selection
96(2)
Interpretation
98(1)
Retention--Memory
99(4)
Short-Term and Long-Term Memory
100(2)
Semantic and Episodic Memory
102(1)
Receiver Influences
103(5)
Needs
103(1)
Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values
104(1)
Goals
104(3)
Capability
107(1)
Use
107(1)
Communication Style
108(1)
Experience and-Habit
108(1)
Message (Information) Influences
108(4)
Origin
108(2)
Mode
110(1)
Physical Characteristics
111(1)
Organization
111(1)
Novelty
111(1)
Source Influences
112(4)
Proximity
113(2)
Physical and Social Attraction and Similarity
115(1)
Credibility and Authoritativeness
115(1)
Motivation and Intent
116(1)
Delivery
116(1)
Status, Power, and Authority
116(1)
Technological and Environmental Influences
116(4)
Technology
117(1)
The Environment
118(2)
An Active and Complex Process
120(1)
Implications and Applications
120(1)
Summary
121(3)
Verbal Messages
124(28)
Message Production
125(2)
An Illustration
125(2)
Encoding and Decoding
127(1)
Process- versus Meaning-Centered Models of Communication
127(1)
The Nature of Language
128(2)
Physiological Factors
128(1)
Cognitive Factors
129(1)
Language Acquisition
130(3)
Representation
133(5)
Language and Reality
133(3)
Limitations of Language for Representation
136(2)
Conversation
138(9)
Negotiation of Meanings
138(1)
Rules and Rituals
139(3)
Language and Gender
142(2)
Content and Relationship
144(2)
Metacommunication
146(1)
Social and Public Communication
147(1)
Production and Distribution of Social Realities
147(1)
Implications and Applications
147(2)
Summary
149(3)
Nonverbal Messages
152(34)
Similarities between Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
155(1)
Rule-Governed
155(1)
Intentionality
155(1)
Common Message Functions
156(1)
Differences between Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
156(3)
Awareness and Attention
156(1)
Overt and Covert Rules
157(1)
Control
158(1)
Public versus Private Status
158(1)
Hemispheric Specialization
158(1)
Paralanguage
159(3)
Vocalic Forms
159(1)
Written Forms
160(2)
The Face
162(4)
Eye Gaze
163(3)
Pupil Dilation
166(1)
The Body
166(3)
Hair
167(1)
Physique
167(1)
Dress and Adornment
167(2)
Artifacts
169(1)
Gestures---Kinesics
169(5)
Inherited, Discovered, Imitated, and Trained Actions
170(1)
Origins of Gestures
170(1)
Types of Gestures
171(3)
Touch---Haptics
174(1)
Space---Proxemics
175(4)
The Physical Environment
176(3)
Time---Chronemics
179(2)
Timing
180(1)
Timeliness
180(1)
Messages and Meanings: MS ,, MR
181(1)
Implications and Applications
182(1)
Summary
182(4)
Media
186(28)
The Tool-Making Animal
188(1)
Media and Their Functions
188(1)
Production and Distribution
189(1)
Reception, Storage, and Retrieval
189(1)
Types of Media
189(3)
Evolution of Communication Media: From Smoke Signals to the Internet
192(3)
Impact of Media on Contemporary Life
195(1)
Technological Convergence
196(7)
Increasing Number of Messages and Media
199(2)
Substituting Communication for Transportation
201(1)
Evolving Concepts of Office and Home
201(1)
Increasing Value of Information as a Commodity
202(1)
Increasing Availability of Synthetic Experience
203(1)
The International Scene
203(1)
Media Characteristics
203(4)
Asynchronous--Synchronous
203(2)
Low Interactivity--High Interactivity
205(1)
Low Social Presence--High Social Presence
206(1)
Mediated Communication: A Mixed Blessing
207(2)
Limited Communication Modes
207(1)
Decreased Control
208(1)
Anonymity and Depersonalization
208(1)
Decreased Responsibility and Accountability
209(1)
Decreased Sense of Place
209(1)
Media and the Quality of Life
209(2)
Media Forms
209(1)
Media Functions
210(1)
Implications and Applications
211(1)
Summary
211(3)
The Individual
214(28)
Reaction, Action, and Interaction
215(1)
Interpretation
216(3)
Cognitive Development
219(9)
Learning
220(2)
Mediated Communication and Development
222(1)
Characteristics of Personal Representations
223(5)
Self-Development
228(4)
Stress and Growth
229(3)
Self-Expression
232(4)
Emotional Intelligence
235(1)
Self Awareness
236(3)
Self-Reflexiveness and Self-Monitoring
236(2)
Self-Talk
238(1)
Implications and Applications
239(1)
Summary
239(3)
Relationships
242(28)
Interpersonal Communication and Relationships
244(2)
Types of Relationships
246(9)
Dyadic and Triadic Relationships
246(2)
Task and Social Relationships
248(1)
Short- and Long-Term Relationships
248(1)
Casual and Intimate Relationships
249(3)
Dating, Love, and Marital Relationships
252(1)
Family Relationships
253(2)
The Evolution of Relationships
255(5)
Stage One: Initiation
255(1)
Stage Two: Exploration
256(1)
Stage Three: Intensification
257(1)
Stage Four: Formalization
258(1)
Stage Five: Redefinition
258(1)
Stage Six: Deterioration
259(1)
Relational Patterns
260(3)
Supportive and Defensive Climates
261(1)
Dependencies and Counterdependencies
261(1)
Progressive and Regressive Spirals
262(1)
Factors That Influence Patterns
263(2)
Stage of Relationship and Context
263(1)
Interpersonal Needs and Styles
264(1)
Power
265(1)
Conflict
265(1)
Implications and Applications
265(2)
Summary
267(3)
Groups
270(24)
Groups: Fiction and Fact
272(1)
Why People Join Groups
273(1)
Types of Groups
273(2)
Task and Social Dimensions: Productivity and Morale
273(2)
Contrived and Emergent Groups
275(1)
Group Development
275(2)
Group Communication Networks
275(1)
Stages of Development
275(2)
Group Culture: Symbols, Rules, and Codes
277(2)
Decision Making
279(2)
Consensus
279(1)
Compromise
280(1)
Majority Vote
280(1)
Decision by Leader
280(1)
Arbitration
280(1)
Roles and Responsibilities
281(2)
Task-Oriented Roles
281(1)
Group-Building and Support Roles
282(1)
Individualistic Roles
282(1)
Leadership
283(4)
Functions of Leadership
283(1)
Approaches to Leadership
284(1)
Follower and Member Issues
285(2)
Cohesiveness
287(1)
Symptoms of Too Little Cohesiveness: Boredom and Indifference
287(1)
Symptoms of Too Much Cohesiveness: The Groupthink Syndrome
287(1)
Conflict in Groups
288(1)
Mediated Groups
289(1)
Implications and Applications
290(2)
Summary
292(2)
Organizations
294(30)
Communication and Organizations
295(1)
Organizational Goals
296(1)
Roles and Responsibilities
296(2)
Management Functions
298(1)
Organizational Theories
299(9)
Scientific Management
299(1)
Human Relations
299(1)
Systems
300(1)
Quality
301(7)
Communication Networks
308(6)
Network Functions
308(1)
Network Size
308(1)
Internal Networks: Message Flows within Organizations
309(2)
External Networks: Relating to Other Organizations and Publics
311(1)
Mediated Communication Networks
312(1)
Organizational Communication Networks in Action
312(2)
Organizational Culture
314(3)
Origins of Organizational Cultures
315(1)
Functions of Organizational Cultures
316(1)
Assimilation, Socialization, and Innovation in Organizations
317(1)
Organizational Climate
317(1)
Organizational Diversity
318(1)
Implications and Applications
319(1)
Summary
320(4)
Cultures and Societies
324(30)
The Nature of Culture
326(1)
The Relationship between Communication and Culture
327(2)
Characteristics of Culture
329(10)
Cultures Are Complex and Multifaceted
330(4)
Cultures Are Invisible
334(2)
Cultures Are Subjective
336(2)
Cultures Change over Time
338(1)
A Word of Caution
338(1)
The Role of Mediated Communication
339(1)
Cultural Adaptation
340(3)
Stages of Cultural Adaptation
342(1)
Intercultural Communication
343(1)
Societies---Complex Cultural and Communication Systems
344(2)
National and International Networks
345(1)
International Communication: The Global Village---Fact or Fiction
346(2)
Complexities Abound
347(1)
Implications and Applications
348(2)
Summary
350(4)
Public and Mass Communication
354(25)
What Is Public and Mass Communication?
356(1)
The Role of Public and Mass Communication
357(1)
Understanding Public Communication
358(7)
The Speech
358(1)
The Presentation
359(6)
Understanding Mass Communication
365(8)
Production, Distribution, and Consumption
365(2)
Information Products and Services
367(1)
The Audience
367(1)
Four Basic Functions of Mass Communication
367(1)
Broader Functions of Mass Communication
368(5)
The Effects of Public and Mass Communication
373(2)
The Communicator/Producer Perspective
373(1)
The Audience/Consumer Perspective
373(1)
Uses and Gratifications
373(1)
Integrating Perspectives
374(1)
Implications and Applications
375(1)
Summary
376(3)
Index 379

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