This comprehensive and up-to-date book examines all aspects of the criminal justice system from an organizational perspective. Key theoretical approaches and concepts are explained together with key terms and organizational principle models and typologies. The book also explains organizational effectiveness and covers police, court, and corrections organizations in depth to fully illustrate the operations of these justice systems.This volume explains all aspects of organizational theories, models and typologies, organizational variables and measuring effectiveness, supervision and communication systems, motivation, satisfaction, and morale of employees, organization of criminal justice systems, law enforcement, police and sheriff's departments, court organization and administration, jail and prison organizations, community corrections organizations, and juvenile justice organizations and their administration.For criminal justice, sociology and public administration professionals interested in criminal justice systems.

Dean John Champion is Professor of Criminal Justice at Texas A & M International University, Laredo, Texas. Dr. Champion has taught at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville, California State University-Long Beach, and Minot State University in North Dakota. He earned his Ph.D. from Purdue University and B.S. and M.A. degrees from Brigham Young University. He also completed several years of law school at the Nashville School of Law.

Dr. Champion has written and/or edited 30 texts and maintains memberships in 11 professional organizations. He is a lifetime member of the American Society of Criminology, the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, and the American Sociological Association. He is former editor of the ACJS/Anderson series on Issues in Crime and Justice (1993-1996) and the Journal of Crime and Justice (1995-1998). He is a contributing author for the Encarta Encyclopedia 2000 for Microsoft. He was the Visiting Scholar for the National Center for juvenile justice in 1992 and is president of the Midwestern Criminal Justice Association.

Among his published books for Prentice Hall are Basic Statistics for Social Research (1970,1981); Research Methods for Criminal Justice and Criminology (1993, 2000); The Juvenile Justice System: Delinquency, Processing, and the Law (1992, 1998, 2001); Corrections in the United States: A Contemporary Perspective (1990, 1998, 2001); Probation, Parole, and Community Corrections (1990, 1996, 1999, 2002); and Policing in the Community (with George Rush) (1996).

Dr. Champions's primary research interests relate to attorney use in juvenile justice proceedings and plea bargaining.

Administration of Criminal Justice: Structure, Function, and Processexamines all, aspects of the criminal justice system from an organizational perspective. It is important to portray all criminal justice agencies and organizations within a general open-systems context, in which community, state, and national inputs can be indicated and their impact on individual agencies assessed. A fundamental assumption of this book is that criminal justice organizations can be understood best by placing them within the existing constraints of the larger environment of external organizations and public interests. Thus, individual behaviors and group conduct can be seen as greatly influenced by forces external to organizations as well as by internal organizational phenomena. An overview of the book''s contents follows. Chapter 1 describes what is meant by the administration of justice or justice administration. The units of analysis (individuals, groups, and organizations) commonly used to investigate justice administration topics are presented. Chapter 2 describes organizational theory and open-system and closed-system organizational models. These include the rational bureaucratic model and the goals and systems models. Chapter 3 describes several nonrational models, including human relations and organizations as natural systems. The relationship between theories and models of organizations is explained and illustrated by contemporary examples. Several popular organizational typologies are presented to provide students with a grasp of how different kinds of criminal justice organizations can be arranged. These arrangements include different sets of defining criteria showing how typologies meaningfully relate to what occurs in different organizational contexts. Chapter 4 identifies and describes several important organizational variables used for research purposes. Organizational variables are divided according to structure, control, change, and behavior. Organizational structural variables include organizational size, complexity or differentiation, and formalization. Organizational control variables include the size of the administrative component, bureaucratization, centralization, and levels of authority and span of control. Organizational change includes labor turnover, organizational conflict, flexibility, growth, and succession. Organizational behavioral variables include organizational climate, goals, and effectiveness. Chapter 5 describes several important interpersonal variables, including work group cohesiveness and supervisor-subordinate relations. Individual variables are also presented and include descriptions of employee attitudes about their work, job characteristics, and methods of evaluating work roles and worker effectiveness. The interrelatedness of these variables is explained. Assessing organizational effectiveness involves paying attention to these different variables in a variety of institutional and organizational contexts. Students can obtain a clearer picture of how different actors in the criminal justice system are affected by different organizational dimensions and even by factors external to their own organizations. Chapter 6 examines leadership in organizations. Traditional power typologies are presented, including examples from the works of Max Weber, French and Raven, and Amitai Etzioni. Legitimate authority types, the bases of social power, and the compliance-involvement typology are discussed to highlight different motivational methods used by supervisors and administrators to induce employees to act in given ways. A careful examination of employee involvement is offered to show that different means of inducing compliance also induce different types of involvement. Depending on the nature of employee involvement, worker performance and attitudes will be affected either positively or negatively. Chapter 7 examines several different types of communication systems in organizations, including a discussion of formal and informal communication networks. Communication patterns are closely linked with hierarchies of authority, end several parallels between these concepts are drawn. Both the functions and dysfunctions of formal and informal communication networks are described and discussed. Chapter 8 examines the factors that impact the motivation, satisfaction, and morale of organizational personnel. How are work satisfaction and motivation related to organizational effectiveness and work output? Several important dimensions of worker satisfaction are explored, including various styles of leadership and supervision, work group cohesion, workload and pressure, the prestige and status of the job, type of reward structure, and participation in decision making. The complexity of explaining worker motivation is described. Chapter 9 is a description of police and sheriffs'' departments. The chapter begins with an overview of the history of law enforcement. The goals and functions of police and sheriffs'' departments are presented, together with their liaison with federal agencies. The divisions of labor of these different types of organizations are described, and a full description of the recruitment and selection processes is given for each. The chapter examines several important law enforcement issues, including controlling law enforcement officer performance through better training and selection methods. Professionalization and police-community relations are examined as issues confronting different police agencies. Different forms of officer misconduct are described, as well as the methods used by police departments and public entities to deter or minimize misconduct. Included is a discussion of civilian complaint review boards and their various functions. Chapter 10 describes the organization and operation of federal, state, and local court systems. The important role of judges is addressed, including how judicial nominees are selected. The roles and responsibilities of prosecutors at all jurisdictional levels are described, along with the methods for selecting prosecutors as well as a consideration of their ethical responsibilities and codes of professional conduct. Prosecutors'' case processing and prioritizing functions are examined, and the work of other court employees also is considered. The relationship between prosecutors and the court is described, including the diverse functions associated with these important criminal justice roles. Prosecutorial and judicial misconduct are also examined, including various methods used to detect and sanction such misconduct. Chapter 11 describes and differentiates jails and prisons and provides a brief history of each. These descriptions also include an examination and profile of both jail and prison inmates. The administration of jail and prison systems is considered, and methods of selecting and recruiting jail personnel and prison correctional staff and administrators are discussed. Selected jail and prison issues are described, including overcrowding, inmate rights, privatization, and the legal liabilities of jail officers and correctional officers. Chapter 12 describes community corrections, including an examination of probation and parole services and their organization and administration. Other community services are described, including work/study release and furlough programs, home confinement programs, electronic monitoring supervisory methods, and halfway houses. The legal liabilities of different actors who work in or administer community corrections programs are examined, and the use of volunteers and paraprofessionals in community-based programs is considered. The changing nature of community corrections also is described. Chapter 13 presents an overview of juvenile justice organizations, beginning with a history of juvenile courts. Different types of juvenile offenders are delineated, includin