Architecture: Residential Drafting and Design,9781590701959

Architecture: Residential Drafting and Design

by ;
Edition: 9th
ISBN13: 9781590701959
ISBN10: 159070195X
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2003-04-01
Publisher(s): Goodheart-Willcox Pub
Upgraded Edition: Click here!
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Summary

Provides comprehensive instruction for preparing architectural working dawings using traditional and computer-based methods.

Table of Contents

Section I The World of Architecture
The World of Architecture
17(20)
People and Their Structures
17(7)
The Cape Colonials
The New England Gambrel
The Garrison
The Salt Box
The Southern Colonial
Contemporary Structures
24(5)
The Contemporary Style
The Ranch Design
Trends In Architecture
29(3)
Multifamily Housing
32(2)
Cooperatives
Condominiums
Rental Apartments
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
34(1)
Internet Resources
35(1)
Review Questions
35(1)
Suggested Activities
36(1)
Basic House Designs
37(14)
One-Story Ranch Designs
37(4)
One-and-One-Half-Story Designs
41(1)
Two-Story Designs
42(2)
Split-Level Designs
44(3)
Traffic Circulation
47(2)
Internet Resources
49(1)
Review Questions
49(1)
Suggested Activities
49(2)
Primary Considerations
51(16)
Site Considerations
51(1)
The Community
52(1)
Cost and Restrictions
53(1)
Zoning and Codes
54(1)
Topographical Features
54(1)
Family Needs
54(3)
Budgeting for Housing
57(1)
Other Considerations
57(1)
Modular Aspects
Quality of Living
Drawings Included in a Set of Plans
58(6)
Brief Plan Descriptions
Other Plans
Internet Resources
64(1)
Review Questions
64(1)
Suggested Activities
65(2)
Section II Architectural Drafting Fundamentals
Drawing Instruments and Techniques
67(24)
Orthographic Projection
67(1)
Three Principal Views
67(1)
Architectural Drafting Equipment
68(9)
Pencils
Erasers
Erasing Shields
Paper
Drawing Boards
T-Square
Triangles
Protractors
Scales
How to Use a Scale
Dividers
The Compass
Lettering Guides
Irregular Curves
Case Instruments
Lettering Devices
Technical Pens
Templates
Grids
Freehand Sketching
77(4)
Sketching Technique
Sketching Horizontal Lines
Sketching Vertical Lines
Sketching Inclined Lines and Angles
Sketching Circles and Arcs
Sketching Ellipses
Sketching Irregular Curves
Proportion in Sketching
Computer-Aided Drafting and Design
81(2)
CADD Hardware
CADD Software
Output Devices
Lines Used In Architectural Drawing
83(4)
Border Lines
Object Lines
Hidden Lines
Centerlines
Extension Lines
Dimension Lines
Long and Short Break Lines
Cutting-Plane Lines
Section Lines
Guidelines
Construction Lines
Line Type Application
Architectural Lettering
87(1)
Some Notes On Developing a Style of Lettering
Letter Spacing
Word Spacing
Letter Size
CADD Symbols Library
88(1)
Internet Resources
89(1)
Review Questions
89(1)
Suggested Activities
90(1)
Introduction to Computer-Aided Drafting and Design
91(18)
What Is CADD?
91(1)
Why Use CADD?
92(3)
Productivity
Flexibility
Uniformity
Scale Architectural CADD Applications
95(4)
Schedule Automation
Renderings
Animations
CADD Workstation
97(2)
Computer Components
Storage Devices
Display Types and Sizes
Input Devices
Output Devices
Selecting a CADD Package
99(9)
General Purpose CADD Packages
AEC CADD Packages
Internet Resources
108(1)
Review Questions
108(1)
Suggested Activities
108(1)
CADD Commands and Functions
109(20)
Drawing Commands
110(3)
Line
Double Line
Circle
Arc
Rectangle
Polygon
Text
Hatch
Editing and Inquiry Commands
113(4)
Erase
Undo
Move
Copy
Mirror
Rotate
Scale
Fillet
Chamfer
Extend
Array
List/Properties
Distance
Area
Display Control Commands
117(2)
Zoom
Pan
View
Redraw / Regenerate
Dimensioning Commands
119(1)
Drawing Aids
119(2)
Grid
Snap
Ortho
Layers
121(1)
Colors and Linetypes
122(1)
Blocks and Attributes
122(1)
3D Drawing and Viewing Commands
123(2)
Isometric Drawing
3D Modeling
3D Views
3D Animation and Rendering Commands
125(2)
Internet Resources
127(1)
Review Questions
127(1)
Suggested Activities
127(2)
Section III Room and Space Planning
Room Planning---Sleeping Area and Bath Facilities
129(20)
Areas of a Residence
129(1)
Designing with CADD
130(1)
Sleeping Area
131(15)
Bedrooms
Bathrooms
Internet Resources
146(1)
Review Questions
146(1)
Suggested Activities
147(2)
Room Planning---Living Area
149(40)
Designing With CADD
150(1)
Living Rooms
150(8)
Size
Location
Windows and Doors
Decor
Dining Rooms
158(6)
Plan
Size
Location
Decor
Entryway and Foyer
164(5)
Entryway
Foyer
Family Recreation Room
169(6)
Size
Decor
Applications
Special-Purpose Rooms
175(2)
Patios, Porches, Courts, and Gazebos
177(10)
Patios
Porches
Courts and Gazebos
Applications
Internet Resources
187(1)
Review Questions
187(1)
Suggested Activities
187(2)
Room Planning---Service Area
189(28)
Designing with CADD
189(1)
Kitchen
189(16)
Kitchen Planning
Straight-Line Kitchen
L-Shaped Kitchen
Corridor Kitchen
U-Shaped Kitchen
Peninsula Kitchen
Island Kitchen
Cabinets and Appliances
Location and Ventilation
Decor
Applications
Kitchen Eating Areas
Clothes Care Center
205(2)
Garage or Carport
207(7)
Size and Location
Design
Doors
Driveway
Applications
Internet Resources
214(1)
Review Questions
214(1)
Suggested Activities
214(3)
Section IV Plot Plans and Foundations
Plot Plans
217(16)
Property Lines
217(2)
Contour Lines
219(1)
Topographical Features
220(2)
Location of the Structure on the Site
222(1)
Procedure For Drawing a Plot Plan---Manual Drafting
223(1)
Landscape Plans
224(1)
Procedure For Drawing a Plot Plan---CADD
225(6)
Internet Resources
231(1)
Review Questions
231(1)
Suggested Activities
231(2)
Footings, Foundations, and Concrete
233(26)
Staking Out House Location
233(2)
Excavation
235(1)
Footing Shapes and Specifications
236(1)
Foundation Walls
237(8)
T-Foundations
Slab Foundations
Pier and Post Foundations
Wood Foundations
Concrete and Masonry Basement Walls
245(3)
Beams and Girders
248(5)
Weight Calculations
Beam Calculations
Post Calculations
Lintels
Concrete and Masonry
253(1)
Concrete Blocks
254(1)
Paving
255(1)
Internet Resources
256(1)
Review Questions
257(1)
Suggested Activities
257(2)
The Foundation Plan
259(14)
Preliminary Steps to Drawing a Foundation Plan
260(1)
Drawing a Foundation Plan
261(1)
The Basement/Foundation Plan
262(3)
Procedure For Drawing a Basement Plan
265(2)
Using CADD to Draw a Foundation and Basement Plan
267(4)
Internet Resources
271(1)
Review Questions
271(1)
Suggested Activities
271(2)
Section V Construction Systems
Sill and Floor Construction
273(24)
Platform Framing
273(1)
Balloon Framing
274(1)
Joists and Beams
275(3)
Floor Trusses
278(2)
Subfloor
280(2)
Cantilevered Joists
282(1)
Framing Under Slate or Tile
283(1)
Engineered Wood Products
283(7)
Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL)
Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)
Glue-Laminated Lumber
Wood I-Beams or Joists
Post and Beam Construction
290(4)
Internet Resources
294(1)
Review Questions
294(2)
Suggested Activities
296(1)
Wall and Ceiling Construction
297(22)
Frame Wall Construction
297(5)
Plates
Headers
Exterior Corners and Bracing
Interior Walls
Steel Framing
302(4)
Advantages of Steel Framing
Disadvantages of Steel Framing
Steel Framing Components
Wall and Roof Systems
Ceiling Construction
306(1)
General Framing Considerations
306(1)
Masonry Wall Construction
306(6)
Stonework
Masonry Veneer
Brick Names and Sizes
312(1)
Traditional Three-Coat Stucco
312(5)
Preparing for Stucco
Moisture Barrier and Flashing
Lath (Reinforcement)
Scratch or Foundation Coat
Brown Coat
Finish Coat
Internet Resources
317(1)
Review Questions
317(1)
Suggested Activities
318(1)
Doors and Windows
319(34)
Designing With CADD
319(1)
Interior and Exterior Doors
320(7)
Interior Doors
Exterior Doors
Specifying Doors
327(1)
Door Details
327(3)
Windows
330(20)
Window Types
Window Schedules
Internet Resources
350(1)
Review Questions
350(1)
Suggested Activities
350(3)
Stairs
353(16)
Types of Stairs
353(2)
Stair Terminology
355(4)
Designing With CADD
359(1)
Stair Design
359(3)
Stringers
Treads and Risers
Stair Calculations and Drawing Procedure
362(1)
Structural Details
363(1)
Code Requirements For Handrails and Guardrails
364(2)
Adaptations for Special Needs
366(1)
Stairlifts/Elevators
Ramps
Internet Resources
367(1)
Review Questions
367(1)
Suggested Activities
368(1)
Fireplaces, Chimneys, and Stoves
369(20)
Fireplace Design Considerations
369(1)
Fireplace/Chimney Terms
370(1)
Designing With CADD
371(1)
Hearth and Fire Chamber
371(3)
Damper and Smoke Shelf
374(1)
Flue
374(1)
Framing Around Fireplace and Chimney
375(2)
Fireplace Specifications
377(3)
Single-Face Fireplace
Two-Face Opposite Fireplace
Two-Face Adjacent Fireplace
Three-Face Fireplace
Prefabricated Metal Fireplaces and Stoves
Stoves
380(6)
Internet Resources
386(1)
Review Questions
387(1)
Suggested Activities
387(2)
Section VI Formulating a Design
The Floor Plan
389(20)
Required Information
391(5)
Location and Size of Walls
Location and Size of Windows and Doors
Cabinets, Appliances, and Permanent Fixtures
Stairs and Fireplaces
Walks, Patios, and Decks
Room Names and Material Symbols
Dimensioning
Scale and Sheet Identification
Metric System of Dimensioning
Drawing a Floor Plan
396(11)
Procedure---Manual
Drafting Procedure---CADD
Internet Resources
407(1)
Review Questions
408(1)
Suggested Activities
408(1)
Roof Designs
409(22)
Types of Roofs
409(4)
Gable Roof
Winged Gable
Hip Roof
Dutch Hip
Flat Roof
Shed Roof
Mansard Roof
Gambrel Roof
Butterfly Roof
A-Frame Roof
Folded Plate Roof
Curved Panel Roof
Contemporary Roof Types
Traditional Frame Roof Construction
413(13)
Rafters
Cornice
Rake or Gable End
Roof Trusses
Ventilation
Flashing
Gutters and Downspouts
Roof Sheathing and Roofing
New Roofing Materials
426(3)
Asphalt Laminate Shingles
Metal Roofing
Internet Resources
429(1)
Review Questions
429(1)
Suggested Activities
429(2)
Elevations
431(18)
Required Information
431(5)
Elevation Identification
Grade Line, Floors, and Ceilings
Walls, Windows, and Doors
Roof Features
Dimensions, Notes, and Symbols
Drawing a Typical Wall Section
436(3)
Procedure For Drawing an Elevation---Manual Drafting
439(3)
Procedure For Drawing an Elevation---CADD
442(4)
Internet Resources
446(1)
Review Questions
447(1)
Suggested Activities
447(2)
Section VII Electrical, Plumbing, and Climate Control
Residential Electrical
449(16)
Electrical Terms
449(1)
Service Entrance and Distribution Panel
450(2)
Branch Circuits
452(2)
Lighting Circuits
Special Appliance Circuits
Individual Appliance Circuits
Circuit Requirement Calculations
454(1)
Outlets and Switches
454(4)
Outlets
Switches
Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)
458(1)
Low Voltage Exterior Lighting
459(3)
Planning Low Voltage Exterior Lighting
Low Voltage Wiring Considerations
Internet Resources
462(1)
Review Questions
462(1)
Suggested Activities
463(2)
Information, Communication, and Security Wiring
465(18)
Introduction
465(2)
Monitoring Functions
Switching (Activating) Functions
Programming Functions
Communication/Recording Functions
Alarm Functions
Information and Communication Wiring
467(1)
Signaling Circuits
467(1)
Data and Video Conductors
468(2)
Structured Wiring
Radio Grade 6 Cable
Security Wiring
470(2)
Systems to Protect Property
Systems to Protect Occupants and Property
Wiring for Security
Home Automation
472(7)
Types of Home Automation Systems
Home Automation Summary Questions
Low-Voltage Switching
479(1)
Internet Resources
480(1)
Review Questions
480(1)
Suggested Activities
481(2)
The Electrical Plan
483(8)
Required Information
483(4)
Service Entrance
Switches
Convenience Outlets
Lighting
Other Devices
Branch Circuits
Procedure For Drawing an Electrical Plan---Manual Drafting
487(1)
Procedure For Drawing an Electrical Plan---CADD
488(2)
Internet Resources
490(1)
Review Questions
490(1)
Suggested Activities
490(1)
Residential Plumbing
491(14)
Water Supply System
491(4)
In-House Water Treatment Devices
495(1)
Water and Waste Removal
495(3)
Plumbing Fixtures
498(1)
Water Conservation
498(1)
Private Sewage Disposal System
499(4)
Septic Tank
Disposal Field
Disposal Field Soil Tests
Calculation of Disposal Field Size
Internet Resources
503(1)
Review Questions
503(1)
Suggested Activities
504(1)
The Plumbing Plan
505(10)
Required Information
505(4)
Waste Lines and Vent Stacks
Water Supply Lines
Drain Locations
Size and Type of Pipe
Plumbing Fixture Schedule
Symbols and Legend
Notes
Procedure For Drawing Plumbing Plan---Manual Drafting
509(2)
Procedure For Drawing Plumbing Plan---CADD
511(2)
Internet Resources
513(1)
Review Questions
514(1)
Suggested Activities
514(1)
Residential Climate Control
515(24)
Temperature Control
515(3)
Humidity Control
518(2)
Air Circulation and Cleaning
520(1)
Programmable Thermostats
520(2)
Cooling Systems
522(1)
Types of Heating Systems
523(7)
Forced-Air Systems
Hydronic Systems
Electric Radiant Systems
Heat Pumps
Ground-Source Heat Pumps
530(1)
Carbon Monoxide Detectors
530(1)
Heat Loss Calculations
531(5)
Calculation Procedure
Example of Heat Loss Calculation
True Window R-Value
536(1)
CADD Heat Loss Calculations
536(1)
Internet Resources
537(1)
Review Questions
537(1)
Suggested Activities
537(2)
Climate Control Plan
539(10)
Required Information
539(1)
Distribution System
539(3)
Planning Outlet and Inlet Locations
Planning Ductwork
Planning Piping for a Hydronic System
Thermostats and Climate Control Equipment
542(1)
Schedules, Calculations, and Notes
543(1)
Procedure For Drawing Climate Control Plan---Manual Drafting
543(1)
Drawing Climate Control Plans Using CADD
543(4)
Internet Resources
547(1)
Review Questions
547(1)
Suggested Activities
547(2)
Section VIII Alternative Construction, Products, and Methods
Solar Space Heating
549(16)
Insulation
549(1)
Passive Solar Systems
549(5)
Direct Gain Systems
Indirect Gain Systems
Isolated Gain Systems
Summary of Principles
Active Solar Systems
554(5)
Warm Air Solar Systems
Warm Water Solar Systems
Advantages of Solar Heating
559(1)
Disadvantages of Solar Heating
560(1)
Calculation of Btus Possible for Any Given Location
560(2)
Internet Resources
562(1)
Review Questions
562(1)
Suggested Activities
563(2)
Nontraditional Structures
565(14)
Earth-Sheltered Dwellings
565(6)
Site Considerations
Design Variations of Earth-Sheltered Dwellings
Advantages of Earth-Sheltered Housing
Disadvantages of Earth-Sheltered Housing
Dome Structures
571(6)
Dome Variations
Typical Dome Construction
Advantages of Domes
Disadvantages of Domes
Internet Resources
577(1)
Review Questions
577(1)
Suggested Activities
578(1)
New Products and Methods of Construction
579(18)
Introduction to Products and Methods
579(1)
Exterior Insulation Finish Systems (EIFS)
580(4)
Advantages of EIFS
Disadvantages of EIFS
Installation/Application
Structural Foam Sandwich Panels
581(3)
Advantages of Structural Foam Sandwich Panels
Disadvantages of Structural Foam Sandwich Panels
Installation/Application
Concrete Wall Systems
584(5)
Insulated Concrete Wall Forms
Insulated Concrete Wall Systems
Welded-Wire Sandwich Panels
Insulated Concrete Block Systems
589(2)
Integra™
Therma-Lock™
Frost-Protected Shallow Foundation
591(1)
Weather-Resistant Deck Materials
592(3)
Weather-Resistant Tropical Hardwoods
Synthetic Decking
The Hebel Wall System
595(1)
Internet Resources
595(1)
Review Questions
596(1)
Suggested Activities
596(1)
Modular Applications
597(10)
Standardization
597(3)
Modular Components
600(1)
Industrialized Housing
600(4)
Internet Resources
604(1)
Review Questions
604(1)
Suggested Activities
604(3)
Section IX Presentation Methods
Perspective Drawings
607(30)
Perspectives
609(22)
Terminology
Two-Point Perspectives
Two-Point Perspective Drawing Sequence
One-Point Perspectives
One-Point Perspective Drawing Sequence
Computer-Generated Perspectives
Perspective Grids
631(1)
Complex Features in Perspective
632(2)
Internet Resources
634(1)
Review Questions
634(1)
Suggested Activities
635(2)
Presentation Drawings
637(24)
Rendering
637(8)
Pencil Rendering
Ink Rendering
Watercolor Rendering
Tempera Rendering
Colored Pencil Rendering
Felt-Tipped Pen Rendering
Scratchboard Rendering
Applique Rendering
Airbrush Rendering
Computer-Generated Renderings
Shading and Shadows
645(1)
Entourage
646(1)
Types of Presentation Plans
647(12)
Exterior Perspectives
Rendered Elevations
Presentation Plot Plans
Presentation Floor Plans
Rendered Sections
Walkthrough Animation
Internet Resources
659(1)
Review Questions
659(1)
Suggested Activities
659(2)
Architectural Models
661(14)
Types of Models
661(2)
Materials Used in Model Construction
663(1)
Constructing a Balsa Model
664(6)
Laser-Cut Model Parts
670(1)
Internet Resources
671(1)
Review Questions
671(1)
Suggested Activities
672(3)
Section X Specifications and Estimating
Material and Tradework Specifications
675(10)
Purpose of Specifications
675(1)
Specification Formats
676(1)
Examples of Specifications
676(8)
Internet Resources
684(1)
Review Questions
684(1)
Suggested Activities
684(1)
Estimating Building Cost
685(10)
Preliminary Estimates
685(1)
Square Foot Method
Cubic Foot Method
More Accurate Estimates
686(7)
Internet Resources
693(1)
Review Questions
693(1)
Suggested Activities
693(2)
Section XI Remodeling, Health, Safety, and Careers
Architectural Remodeling, Renovation, and Preservation
695(20)
Choosing to Remodel
696(1)
Types of Remodeling
697(10)
Changing Lived-In Areas
Making Unused Space Livable
Adding On
Buying to Remodel
Renovation
707(1)
Historic Preservation
707(3)
Restoration
Preservation Through Remodeling
Adaptive Reuse
Preparing Remodeling, Renovation, and Preservation Plans
710(3)
Interior Designer
Architect
Contractor
Internet Resources
713(1)
Review Questions
713(1)
Suggested Activities
713(2)
Designing for Health and Safety
715(24)
Introduction
715(1)
Smoke and Fire Detection
715(2)
Fire Prevention
Smoke Detectors
Fire Safety Code Requirements
Fire Extinguishers
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Detection
717(2)
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
CO Detectors
Radon Detection
719(3)
Radon in the Home
Radon Testing
Radon Mitigation
Moisture and Mold Problems
722(4)
Migration of Water Vapor
Sources of Water Vapor
Preventative Measures
Ventilation
Health Hazards Associated with Mold
Mold Prevention and Removal
Weather- and Nature-Related Safety
726(10)
Earthquakes
Floods
Tornadoes
Hurricanes
General Home Safety
736(1)
Internet Resources
737(1)
Review Questions
737(1)
Suggested Activities
738(1)
Career Opportunities
739(10)
Careers in Architecture and Construction
739(4)
Architect
Architectural Drafters
Architectural Illustrators
Specifications Writer
Estimator
Surveyor
Teaching Architectural Drafting
Construction Technologist
Residential Designer
Keeping a Job and Advancing a Career
743(2)
Model Ethics Code
Work Ethic
Job Site Safety
Leadership on the Job
Entrepreneurship
745(2)
Internet Resources
747(1)
Review Questions
747(1)
Suggested Activities
747(2)
Reference Section
749(59)
Building Material Symbols
Topographical Symbols
Plumbing Symbols
Climate Control Symbols
Electrical Symbols
ANSI Architectural Symbols
Vanity Sizes and Designs
Wall Cabinet Sizes and Designs
Base Cabinet Sizes and Designs
Double-Hung Window Sizes
Horizontal Sliding Window Sizes
Casement Window Sizes
Awning Window Sizes
Hopper Window Sizes
Picture Window Sizes
Glass Sliding Door Sizes
Design Data for Trusses
Span Data
Beam Data
Resistivity to Heat Loss of Building Materials
Metric System
Conversion Tables
Weights of Building Materials
Brick and Block Courses
Rafter Conversion Diagram
Plywood Grades and Specs
Asphalt Roofing Products
Concrete Reinforcement
Gypsum Wallboard Data
Reinforcing Bar Sizes
Foot Candle Levels - Design Temperatures and Degree Days
Wood Foundations Fire and Sound Ratings
Wall System Selection
Clearance Requirements
Building Requirements
Abbreviations
TJI Joists, LVL Headers, and LVL Beams
Radon Detection
Carbon Monoxide Detection
Earthquake Zones
CSI Specification
Rigid Foam Comparison
International Residential Code
Acknowledgements 808(2)
Glossary 810(21)
Index 831

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