Conflict Resolution of the Boruca Hydro-Energy Project Renewable Energy Production in Costa Rica
by Carls, Jurgen; Haffar, Warren R.; Jones, Lauren E.; Morey, Jessica E.Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2010-01-17
Publisher(s): Bloomsbury Academic
Other versions by this Author
List Price: $171.19
Buy New
Usually Ships in 8 - 10 Business Days.
$163.04
Rent Textbook
Select for Price
Rent Digital
$37.18*
Used Textbook
We're Sorry
Sold Out
How Marketplace Works:
- This item is offered by an independent seller and not shipped from our warehouse
- Item details like edition and cover design may differ from our description; see seller's comments before ordering.
- Sellers much confirm and ship within two business days; otherwise, the order will be cancelled and refunded.
- Marketplace purchases cannot be returned to eCampus.com. Contact the seller directly for inquiries; if no response within two days, contact customer service.
- Additional shipping costs apply to Marketplace purchases. Review shipping costs at checkout.
Summary
Since the mid-1990s, electricity consumption in Latin America has increased about five percent per year, one of the highest and most sustained growth rates in the world. To meet this demand, new power projects were developed in the region. Such projects were particularly controversial in Costa Rica, specifically the Boruca Dam Project, which prompted major environmental and social justice concerns.
Author Biography
Jrgen Carls has long term working experience in international cooperation projects in Asia, Portugal and Latin America. Currently he is teaching sustainable development at the United Nations Mandated University for Peace in Costa Rica. Warren R. Haffar is Associate Dean for Internationalization and Director of the International Peace and Conflict Resolution Master's Program at Arcadia University, Glenside, PA.
Table of Contents
| Preface | p. xi |
| List of Acronyms and Abbreviations | p. xiii |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The Boruca Project as Case Study | p. 1 |
| Stakeholders | p. 3 |
| Analysis of the Systems, Institutions and Actors of the Region | p. 3 |
| Assessment of the Attitudes and Actions of Primary Actors | p. 5 |
| General Observations | p. 6 |
| Conclusion | p. 8 |
| Traditional Approaches to Development: Theory and Practice | p. 8 |
| Rethinking Project Design using Mediation and Conflict Resolution | p. 12 |
| Energy Production and Needs in Developing Countries | p. 15 |
| Current Situation in Latin America | p. 15 |
| Plan Puebla Panamá and Future Economic Integration at the Regional Scale | p. 19 |
| Conclusion | p. 21 |
| Analysis of the Energy Sector in Costa Rica | p. 22 |
| Policy Setting | p. 25 |
| Legal Landscape | p. 27 |
| The 2005 Generation Plan | p. 29 |
| Analysis: Hydro-Project Boruca, Costa Rica | p. 33 |
| History of the Project | p. 33 |
| Legal Framework and Policies | p. 37 |
| Electricity Policy | p. 43 |
| Interinstitutional Cooperation Related to Hydro-Project Boruca | p. 44 |
| Communication, Trust, and Coordination within the Electricity Sector | p. 44 |
| Planning Tools | p. 46 |
| Funding Mechanisms | p. 46 |
| Human Rights | p. 47 |
| International Law and Human Rights | p. 48 |
| The Right to Development | p. 49 |
| Rights Related to Resettlement and Land | p. 51 |
| Property Rights | p. 53 |
| The Right to Self-Determination | p. 55 |
| Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights | p. 56 |
| Environmental Rights for Peoples | p. 58 |
| National Laws and Human Rights Violations | p. 59 |
| Conclusion | p. 60 |
| Stakeholders | p. 61 |
| Boruca Hydroelectric Dam Project Stakeholder Participation | p. 65 |
| Boruca Indigenous Community | p. 65 |
| Térraba Indigenous Community | p. 66 |
| Indigenous Reserve “Rey Curré” | p. 69 |
| Environmentalists | p. 71 |
| United States of America | p. 72 |
| Canada | p. 73 |
| Involvement of Institutions | p. 73 |
| The National Commission for Indigenous Affairs (CONAI) | p. 73 |
| Inter-Development Bank/World Bank/Financial Institutions | p. 74 |
| Plan Puebla Panamá | p. 75 |
| SIEPAC | p. 75 |
| Public Understanding and Participation | p. 76 |
| Conclusions | p. 76 |
| Sociocultural and Economic Aspects | p. 77 |
| Ecological and Environmental Impacts | p. 89 |
| Biophysical Characteristics of the Térraba Watershed | p. 89 |
| Downstream Ecological Impacts | p. 94 |
| Impacts of Flooding the Reservoir | p. 95 |
| Impacts on Watershed Management | p. 96 |
| Construction and Development Impacts | p. 97 |
| Mitigation | p. 97 |
| Large-Scale Hydroelectric Power Plants | p. 98 |
| Violence and Conflict Resolution | p. 99 |
| Resistance from Local Communities | p. 100 |
| Resistance from International and Domestic Law | p. 101 |
| Conflict Resolution | p. 103 |
| Conclusions about the Boruca Dam | p. 104 |
| Project El Diquís | p. 113 |
| Implications for the Road Infrastructure | p. 115 |
| Implications for the Térraba-Sierpe Wetland | p. 116 |
| Implication for the Communities | p. 117 |
| Implications with Regard to the Use of the Río General | p. 117 |
| Implications for Productive Activities | p. 117 |
| Generation of Employment | p. 118 |
| Investment Attractiveness due to an Improved Infrastructure | p. 118 |
| Touristic Development and Other Economical Activities | p. 118 |
| Implications for the Management of the Watershed | p. 118 |
| Implications for the National Electricity System | p. 119 |
| Control of the Flooding in the Lower Parts of the Watershed | p. 119 |
| Implications for the Archeological Heritage | p. 120 |
| Perspectives | p. 120 |
| Rethinking Project Design | p. 127 |
| Renewable Resources as a Key to Sustainable Development | p. 127 |
| Demand Management and Efficiency | p. 127 |
| Wind Power | p. 130 |
| Biomass | p. 131 |
| Geothermal | p. 132 |
| Solar | p. 133 |
| Hydropower | p. 134 |
| Economic Sustainability | p. 135 |
| Renewable Energy is Cost Competitive | p. 138 |
| Green Power: A Business Opportunity for Costa Rica | p. 139 |
| Full Cost Accounting | p. 140 |
| Economic Benefits of Distributed Generation | p. 142 |
| Carbon Financing | p. 142 |
| Social Sustainability | p. 144 |
| The Need for Greater Adherence to Good Practices | p. 144 |
| Decision-making | p. 146 |
| Institution Building | p. 146 |
| Overcoming Barriers to the Implementation of the Sustainable Power Projects in Costa Rica | p. 147 |
| Addressing the Policy and Legal Limitations | p. 148 |
| Legislative Limitations to Renewable Energy Projects | p. 148 |
| Improving National Policy for Indigenous Rights | p. 149 |
| National Level Strategic Commitment to Alternative Energy | p. 151 |
| Create Communication, Trust, and Coordination within the Sector | p. 153 |
| Institutional Coordination | p. 153 |
| Participation of Stakeholders | p. 155 |
| Identifying Dividers and the Connectors | p. 156 |
| Government of Costa Rica | p. 156 |
| Costa Rica's Electricity Institute (ICE) | p. 157 |
| Environmentalists' View of the Dam Projects | p. 158 |
| Indigenous Peoples of Costa Rica | p. 159 |
| Generational Conflict | p. 159 |
| Land Conflict | p. 161 |
| United States of America | p. 162 |
| Canada | p. 162 |
| The Institutions and Systems Involved | p. 162 |
| The National Commission for Indigenous Affairs (CONAI) | p. 162 |
| Inter-American Court of Human Rights | p. 163 |
| Institute for Agrarian Development (IDA) | p. 164 |
| Associations of Indigenous Development (ADI) | p. 164 |
| Inter-American Development Bank/The World Bank, and Others | p. 165 |
| Public Understanding and Participation | p. 165 |
| Consultation/Mediation and Conflict Resolution | p. 166 |
| Monitoring and Evaluation | p. 168 |
| Dividers and Tension Builders | p. 169 |
| Connectors and Local Capacities for Peace (LCP) | p. 172 |
| Regional Development Implications in the South of Costa Rica | p. 183 |
| Development Aspects for the Regional Indigenous Reserves in the South of Costa Rica | p. 183 |
| Social Organization | p. 183 |
| Action Plan for Linking Indigenous Groups to State Influence | p. 185 |
| Local Services | p. 186 |
| Training and Job Creation | p. 186 |
| Potential Projects for the Indigenous Reserves | p. 187 |
| Action Plan | p. 188 |
| Estimated Principal Training Needs of the Indigenous Groups | p. 189 |
| Regional Development of the Indigenous Reserves | p. 189 |
| Quality of Life Improvement for the Indigenous Peoples (PNDPI 2002) | p. 191 |
| An Aid Program for the Boruca Region | p. 193 |
| Conclusions on Main Themes and Issues | p. 196 |
| Energy Needs and Production Are Increasing in the Region | p. 196 |
| Alternative Energy Options Are Feasible in Costa Rica | p. 197 |
| Regional Indigenous Development Opportunities in the South of Costa Rica Exist | p. 199 |
| Conflict Resolution of the Boruca Hydroelectricity Dam Is Possible | p. 200 |
| Bibliography | p. 203 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
An electronic version of this book is available through VitalSource.
This book is viewable on PC, Mac, iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, and most smartphones.
By purchasing, you will be able to view this book online, as well as download it, for the chosen number of days.
Digital License
You are licensing a digital product for a set duration. Durations are set forth in the product description, with "Lifetime" typically meaning five (5) years of online access and permanent download to a supported device. All licenses are non-transferable.
More details can be found here.
A downloadable version of this book is available through the eCampus Reader or compatible Adobe readers.
Applications are available on iOS, Android, PC, Mac, and Windows Mobile platforms.
Please view the compatibility matrix prior to purchase.