Design and Analysis A Researcher's Handbook,9780135159415

Design and Analysis A Researcher's Handbook

by Keppel, Geoffrey, Professor Emeritus; Wickens, Thomas D.
Edition: 4TH
ISBN13: 9780135159415
ISBN10: 0135159415
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2004-01-21
Publisher(s): PRENTICE HALL
List Price: $257.44

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Summary

The fourth edition ofDesign and Analysiscontinues to offer a readily accessible introduction to the designed experiment in research and the statistical analysis of the data from such experiments. Unique because it emphasizes the use of analytical procedures, this book is appropriate for all as it requires knowledge of only the most fundamental mathematical skills and little or no formal statistical background.Topics include: single- and two-factor designs with independent groups of subjects; corresponding designs with multiple observations; analysis of designs with unequal sample sizes; analysis of covariance; designs with three factors, including all combinations of between-subjects and within-subject factors; random factors and statistical generalization; and nested factors.This book lives up to its name as a handbook, because of its usefulness as a source and guide to researchers who require assistance in both planning a study and analyzing its results.

Table of Contents

I INTRODUCTION 1(12)
1 Experimental Design
2(11)
1.1 Variables in Experimental Research
2(5)
1.2 Control in Experimentation
7(2)
1.3 Populations and Generalizing
9(1)
1.4 The Basic Experimental Designs
10(3)
II SINGLE-FACTOR EXPERIMENTS 13(180)
2 Sources of Variability and Sums of Squares
15(17)
2.1 The Logic of Hypothesis Testing
18(4)
2.2 The Component Deviations
22(2)
2.3 Sums of Squares: Defining Formulas
24(2)
2.4 Sums of Squares: Computational Formulas
26(5)
Exercises
31(1)
3 Variance Estimates and the F Ratio
32(28)
3.1 Completing the Analysis
32(5)
3.2 Evaluating the F Ratio
37(9)
3.3 Errors in Hypothesis Testing
46(4)
3.4 A Complete Numerical Example
50(4)
3.5 Unequal Sample Sizes
54(4)
Exercises
58(2)
4 Analytical Comparisons Among Means
60(28)
4.1 The Need for Analytical Comparisons
60(2)
4.2 An Example of Planned Comparisons
62(2)
4.3 Comparisons Among Treatment Means
64(7)
4.4 Evaluating Contrasts with a t Test
71(5)
4.5 Orthogonal Contrasts
76(3)
4.6 Composite Contrasts Derived from Theory
79(4)
4.7 Comparing Three or More Means
83(1)
Exercises
84(4)
5 Analysis of Trend
88(23)
5.1 Analysis of Linear Trend
88(7)
5.2 Analysis of Quadratic Trend
95(3)
5.3 Higher-Order Trend Components
98(2)
5.4 Theoretical Prediction of Trend Components
100(3)
5.5 Planning a Trend Analysis
103(5)
5.6 Monotonic Trend Analysis
108(1)
Exercises
109(2)
6 Simultaneous Comparisons
111(21)
6.1 Research Questions and Type I Error
112(3)
6.2 Planned Comparisons
115(2)
6.3 Restricted Sets of Contrasts
117(3)
6.4 Pairwise Comparisons
120(8)
6.5 Post-Hoc Error Correction
128(2)
Exercises
130(2)
7 The Linear Model and Its Assumptions
132(27)
7.1 The Statistical Model
132(5)
7.2 Sampling Bias and the Loss of Subjects
137(4)
7.3 Violations of Distributional Assumptions
141(9)
7.4 Dealing with Heterogeneity of Variance
150(6)
7.5 Contrasts with Heterogeneous Variance
156(2)
Exercises
158(1)
8 Effect Size, Power, and Sample Size
159(22)
8.1 Descriptive Measures of Effect Size
159(4)
8.2 Effect Sizes in the Population
163(4)
8.3 Power and Sample Size
167(2)
8.4 Determining Sample Size
169(8)
8.5 Determining Power
177(2)
Exercises
179(2)
9 Using Statistical Software
181(12)
9.1 Using the Programs
182(3)
9.2 An Example
185(4)
9.3 Hints, Cautions, and Advice
189(2)
Exercises
191(2)
III TWO-WAY FACTORIAL EXPERIMENTS 193(96)
10 Introduction to Factorial Designs
195(16)
10.1 Basic Information from a Factorial Design
195(3)
10.2 The Concept of Interaction
198(3)
10.3 The Definition of an Interaction
201(3)
10.4 Further Examples of Interaction
204(2)
10.5 Measurement of the Dependent Variable
206(3)
Exercises
209(2)
11 The Overall Two-Factor Analysis
211(31)
11.1 Component Deviations
211(3)
11.2 Computations in the Two-Way Analysis
214(6)
11.3 A Numerical Example
220(4)
11.4 The Statistical Model
224(4)
11.5 Designs with a Blocking Factor
228(4)
11.6 Measuring Effect Size
232(3)
11.7 Sample Size and Power
235(4)
Exercises
239(3)
12 Main Effects and Simple Effects
242(24)
12.1 Interpreting a Two-Way Design
242(2)
12.2 Comparisons for the Marginal Means
244(2)
12.3 Interpreting the Interaction
246(3)
12.4 Testing the Simple Effects
249(7)
12.5 Simple Comparisons
256(2)
12.6 Effect Sizes and Power for Simple Effects
258(4)
12.7 Controlling Familywise Type I Error
262(2)
Exercises
264(2)
13 The Analysis of Interaction Components
266(23)
13.1 Types of Interaction Components
266(5)
13.2 Analyzing Interaction Contrasts
271(5)
13.3 Orthogonal Interaction Contrasts
276(1)
13.4 Testing Contrast-by-Factor Interactions
277(5)
13.5 Contrasts Outside the Factorial Structure
282(3)
13.6 Multiple Tests and Type I Error
285(1)
Exercises
286(3)
IV THE GENERAL LINEAR MODEL 289(58)
14 The General Linear Model
291(20)
14.1 The General Linear Model
292(6)
14.2 The Two-Factor Analysis
298(6)
14.3 Averaging of Groups and Individuals
304(3)
14.4 Contrasts and Other Analytical Analyses
307(2)
14.5 Sensitivity to Assumptions
309(1)
Exercises
310(1)
15 The Analysis of Covariance
311(36)
15.1 Covariance and Linear Regression
312(6)
15.2 The Analysis of Covariance
318(6)
15.3 Adjusted Means
324(3)
15.4 Extensions of the Design
327(3)
15.5 Assumptions of the Analysis of Covariance
330(6)
15.6 Blocking and the Analysis of Covariance
336(1)
15.7 Preexisting Covariate Differences
337(4)
15.8 Effect Sizes, Power, and Sample Size
341(3)
Exercises
344(3)
V WITHIN-SUBJECT DESIGNS 347(224)
16 The Single-Factor Within-Subject Design
350(19)
16.1 The Analysis of Variance
350(6)
16.2 Analytical Comparisons
356(5)
16.3 Effect Size and Power
361(4)
16.4 Computer Analysis
365(1)
Exercises
366(3)
17 Further Within-Subject Topics
369(32)
17.1 Advantages and Limitations
369(3)
17.2 The Statistical Model
372(4)
17.3 The Sphericity Assumption
376(3)
17.4 Incidental Effects
379(7)
17.5 Analyzing a Counterbalanced Design
386(7)
17.6 Missing Data in Within-Subject Designs
393(6)
Exercises
399(2)
18 The Two-Factor Within-Subject Design
401(31)
18.1 The Overall Analysis
401(7)
18.2 Contrasts and Other Analytical Analyses
408(9)
18.3 Assumptions and the Statistical Model
417(2)
18.4 Counterbalancing of Nuisance Variables
419(7)
18.5 Effect Size and Sample Sizes
426(3)
Exercises
429(3)
19 The Mixed Design: Overall Analysis
432(17)
19.1 The Overall Analysis of Variance
432(9)
19.2 Statistical Model and Assumptions
441(3)
19.3 The Multivariate Alternative
444(2)
19.4 Missing Data and Unequal Sample Sizes
446(1)
19.5 Effect Sizes and Sample-Size Calculations
446(2)
Exercises
448(1)
20 The Mixed Design: Analytical Analyses
449(14)
20.1 Analysis of the Between-Subjects Factor
450(3)
20.2 Analysis of the Within-Subject Factor
453(5)
20.3 Analyses Involving the Interaction
458(3)
Exercises
461(2)
VI HIGHER FACTORIAL DESIGNS AND OTHER EXTENSIONS
463(2)
21 The Overall Three-Factor Design
465(21)
21.1 Components of the Three-Way Design
465(5)
21.2 The Three-Way Interaction
470(6)
21.3 Computational Procedures
476(4)
21.4 Effect Size, Sample Size, and Power
480(4)
Exercises
484(2)
22 The Three-Way Analytical Analysis
486(24)
22.1 Overview of the Analytical Analysis
486(4)
22.2 Analyses Involving the Cell Means
490(5)
22.3 Effects Based on Marginal Means
495(4)
22.4 Three-Factor Interaction Components
499(5)
22.5 Contrast-by-Factor Interactions
504(2)
22.6 Extension to Higher-Order Designs
506(1)
Exercises
507(3)
23 Within-Subject and Mixed Designs
510(20)
23.1 Varieties of Three-Factor Designs
510(2)
23.2 The Overall Analysis
512(2)
23.3 Two Examples of Mixed Designs
514(2)
23.4 Analytical Analyses in the A x B x C x S Design
516(2)
23.5 Analytical Analysis in Mixed Designs
518(10)
Exercises
528(2)
24 Random Factors and Generalization
530(20)
24.1 Statistical Generalization over Design Factors
530(4)
24.2 Random Factors and the F Ratio
534(3)
24.3 Error Terms in Random-Factor Designs
537(9)
24.4 Design Considerations with Random Factors
546(3)
Exercises
549(1)
25 Nested Factors
550(16)
25.1 Nested Factors
550(3)
25.2 Analysis of the Nested Designs
553(9)
25.3 Crossing a Nested Factor with Another Factor
562(1)
25.4 Planning a Study with Random Factors
563(1)
Exercises
564(2)
26 Higher-Order Designs
566(5)
26.1 Multifactor Experiments in the Behavioral Sciences
566(1)
26.2 Analyzing Higher-Order Designs
567(2)
Exercises
569(2)
A Statistical Tables 571(25)
A.1 Critical Values of the F distribution
571(5)
A.2 Critical Values of the t Distribution
576(1)
A.3 Coefficients of Orthogonal Polynomials
577(1)
A.4 Critical Values of the Sidák-Bonferroni t Statistic
578(4)
A.5 Critical Values for Dunnett's Test
582(4)
A.6 Critical Values of the Studentized Range Statistic
586(4)
A.7 Power Functions
590(6)
B Abbreviated Answers to the Exercises 596(6)
References 602(5)
Subject Index 607(5)
Author Index 612

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