Digital Television,9783540011552

Digital Television

by ;
ISBN13: 9783540011552
ISBN10: 3540011552
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2004-03-05
Publisher(s): Springer Verlag
List Price: $105.92

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Summary

Digital Television deals with all present-day TV transmission methods, i.e. MPEG, DVB, ATSC and ISDB-T. The DVD Video is also discussed to some extent. The discussion is focussed on dealing with these subjects in as practical a way as possible. Although mathematical formulations are used, they are in most cases only utilized to supplement the text. The book also contains chapters dealing with basic concepts such as digital modulation or transformations into the frequency domain. A major emphasis is placed on the measuring techniques used on these various digital TV signals. Practical examples and hints concerning measurement are provided. The book starts with the analog TV baseband signal and then continues with the MPEG-2 data stream, digital video, digital audio and the compression methods. After an excursion into the digital modulation methods, all the mentioned transmission methods are discussed in detail. Interspersed between these are found the chapters on the relevant measuring technique.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction
1(6)
2 Analog Television
7(4)
3 The MPEG Data Stream
11(32)
3.1 The Packetized Elementary Stream (PES)
13(4)
3.2 The MPEG-2 Transport Stream Packet
17(3)
3.3 Information for the Receiver
20(15)
3.3.1 Synchronizing to the Transport Stream
21(1)
3.3.2 Reading out the Current Program Structure
21(2)
3.3.3 Accessing a Program
23(1)
3.3.4 Accessing Scrambled Programs
24(2)
3.3.5 Program Synchronisation (PCR, DTS, PTS)
26(2)
3.3.6 Additional Information in the Transport Stream
28(7)
3.4 The PSIP according to ATSC
35(4)
3.5 Other Important Details of the MPEG-2 Transport Stream
39(8)
3.5.1 The Transport Priority
39(1)
3.5.2 The Transport Scrambling Control Bits
40(1)
3.5.3 The Adaptation Field Control Bits
40(1)
3.5.4 The Continuity Counter
40(3)
4 Digital Video Signal According to ITU-BT.R.601 (CCIR 601)
43(4)
5 Transforms to and from the Frequency Domain
47(18)
5.1 Fourier Transform
49(1)
5.2 Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
50(3)
5.3 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
53(1)
5.4 Implementation and Practical Applications of DFT and FFT
54(1)
5.5 Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)
55(2)
5.6 Time-Domain Signals and their Transforms to the Frequency Domain
57(3)
5.7 Systematic Errors Associated with DFT or FFT
60(2)
5.8 Window Functions
62(3)
6 MPEG-2 Video Coding
65(26)
6.1 Video Compression
65(19)
6.1.1 Reducing the Quantization from 10 Bits to 8
67(1)
6.1.2 Omitting the Horizontal and Vertical Blanking Intervals
67(1)
6.1.3 Reduction in Vertical Color Resolution (4:2:0)
68(1)
6.1.4 Further Data Reduction Steps
69(1)
6.1.5 Differential Pulse Code Modulation of Moving Pictures
70(5)
6.1.6 Discrete Cosine Transform Followed by Quantization
75(7)
6.1.7 Zig-Zag Scanning with Variable-Length Coding of Zero Sequences
82(2)
6.1.8 Huffman Coding
84(1)
6.2 Summary
84(3)
6.3 Structure of the Video Elementary Stream
87(4)
7 Compression of Audio Signals to MPEG and Dolby Digital
91(16)
7.1 Digital Audio Source Signal
91(1)
7.2 History of Audio Coding
92(2)
7.3 Psychoacoustic Model of the Human Ear
94(5)
7.4 Basic Principle of Audio Coding
99(1)
7.5 Subband Coding in Accordance with MPEG Layer I, II
100(3)
7.6 Transform Coding to MPEG Layer III and Dolby Digital
103(4)
8 Teletext Transmission to DVB
107(4)
9 A Comparison of Digital Video Standards
111(12)
9.1 MPEG-1 and MPEG-2, VCD and DVD, M-JPEG, MiniDV/DV
111(3)
9.2 MPEG-3, MPEG-4, MPEG-7 and MPEG-21
114(2)
9.3 Physical Interfaces for Digital Video Signals
116(8)
9.3.1 Parallel and Serial CCIR 601
117(2)
9.3.2 Synchronous Parallel Transport Stream Interface
119(1)
9.3.3 Asynchronous Serial Transport Stream Interface
120(3)
10 Measurements on the MPEG-2 Transport Stream 123(16)
10.1 MPEG-2 Measurements to DVB Measurement Guidelines
124(13)
10.1.1 Loss of Synchronisation
125(1)
10.1.2 Errored Sync Bytes
126(1)
10.1.3 Missing or Errored Program Association Table
126(1)
10.1.4 Missing or Errored Program Map Table
127(1)
10.1.5 The PID_Error
128(1)
10.1.6 The Continuity_Count_Error
129(1)
10.1.7 The Transport_Error
130(1)
10.1.8 The Cyclic Redundancy Check Error
131(1)
10.1.9 The Program Clock Reference Error
131(1)
10.1.10 The Presentation Time Stamp Error
132(2)
10.1.11 The Conditional Access Table Error
134(1)
10.1.12 Service Information Repetition Rate Error
134(1)
10.1.13 Monitoring the NIT, SDT, EIT, RST, TDT/TOT Tables
135(1)
10.1.14 Undefined PIDs
136(1)
10.1.15 Errors in the Transmission of Additional Service Information
136(1)
10.1.16 NIT_other_error, SDT_other_error, EIT_other_error
137(1)
10.2 Monitoring an ATSC-Compliant MPEG-2 Transport Stream
137(2)
11 Picture Quality Analysis of Digital TV Signals 139(10)
11.1 Methods for Measuring Picture Quality
141(2)
11.1.1 Subjective Picture Quality Analysis
142(1)
11.1.2 Double Stimulus Continual Quality Scale Method
142(1)
11.1.3 Single Stimulus Continual Quality Evaluation Method
143(1)
11.2 Objective Picture Quality Analysis
143(6)
12 Digital Modulation Basics 149(22)
12.1 Introduction
149(2)
12.2 Mixer
151(1)
12.3 Amplitude Modulator
152(2)
12.4 IQ Modulator
154(7)
12.5. IQ Demodulator
161(4)
12.6 Use of Hilbert Transform in IQ Modulation
165(3)
12.7. Practical Applications of the Hilbert Tansform
168(3)
13 Transmitting Digital Television Signals by Satellite - DVB-S 171(24)
13.1 The DVB-S System Parameters
173(3)
13.2 The DVB-S Modulator
176(11)
13.2.1. How Does Convolutional Coding Work?
181(6)
13.3 The DVB-S Receiver
187(3)
13.4 Influences Affecting the Satellite Transmission Link
190(5)
14 DVB-S Measuring Technology 195(8)
14.1 Introduction
195(1)
14.2 Measuring Bit Error Rates
196(1)
14.3 Measuring DVB-S Signals using a Spectrum Analyzer
197(4)
14.4 Measuring the Shoulder Attenuation
201(1)
14.5 DVB-S Receiver Test
202(1)
15 Broadband Cable Transmission of Digital TV Signal (DVB-C) 203(10)
15.1 The DVB-C Standard
204(2)
15.2 The DVB-C Modulator
206(1)
15.3 The DVB-C Receiver
207(1)
15.4 Interference Effects on the DVB-C Transmission Link
208(5)
16 Broadband Cable Transmission According to ITU-T J83B 213(2)
17 Measuring Digital TV Signals in the Broadband Cable 215(20)
17.1 DVB-C/J83A,B,C Test Receivers with Constellation Analysis
216(4)
17.2 Detecting Interference Effects Using Constellation Analysis
220(9)
17.2.1 Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)
220(3)
17.2.2 Phase Jitter
223(1)
17.2.3 Sinusoidal Interferer
224(1)
17.2.4 Effects of the I/Q Modulator
224(3)
17.2.5 Modulation Error Ratio (MER)
227(1)
17.2.6 Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)
228(1)
17.3 Measuring the Bit Error Rate (BER)
229(1)
17.4 Measuring the DVB-C/J83ABC Carrier Power and Estimating the Signal-to-Noise Ratio Using a Spectrum Analyzer
230(3)
17.5 Measuring the Shoulder Attenuation
233(1)
17.6 Measuring the Ripple or Tilt in the Channel
233(1)
17.7 DVB-C/J83A,B,C Receiver Test
234(1)
18 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) 235(22)
18.1 Introduction
235(2)
18.2 Why Multi-Carrier?
237(2)
18.3 What is OFDM?
239(4)
18.4 Generating the OFDM Symbols
243(9)
18.5 Supplementary Signals in the OFDM Spectrum
252(3)
18.6 Hierarchical Modulation
255(1)
18.7 Summary
255(2)
19 The Terrestrial Transmission of DTV Signals (DVB-T) 257(46)
19.1 The DVB-T Standard
259(2)
19.2 The DVB-T Carriers
261(6)
19.3 Hierarchical Modulation
267(2)
19.4 DVB-T System Parameters of the 8-/7-/6-MHz Channel
269(9)
19.5 The DVB-T Modulator and Transmitter
278(3)
19.6 The DVB-T Receiver
281(5)
19.7 Interference on the DVB-T Transmission Link and its Effects
286(3)
19.8 The Transmission Path
289(5)
19.9 DVB-T Single-Frequency Networks (SFN)
294(9)
20 Measuring DVB-T Signals 303(28)
20.1 Measuring the Bit Error Rates
305(2)
20.2 Measuring the DVB-T Signals Using a Spectrum Analyzer
307(3)
20.3 Constellation Analysis of DVB-T Signals
310(16)
20.3.1 Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)
311(1)
20.3.2 Phase Jitter
312(1)
20.3.3 Interference Sources
312(1)
20.3.4 Echoes, Multipath Reception
312(1)
20.3.5 Doppler Effect
313(1)
20.3.6 I/Q Errors of the Modulator
313(3)
20.3.7 Cause and Effect of I/Q Errors in DVB-T
316(7)
20.3.8 Modulation Error Ratio (MER)
323(3)
20.4 Measuring the Crest Factor
326(1)
20.5 Measuring the Amplitude, Phase and Group Delay Response
327(1)
20.6 Measuring the Impulse Response
328(1)
20.7 Measuring the Shoulder Attenuation
329(2)
21 Digital Terrestrial TV to North American ATSC Standard 331(18)
21.1 ATSC Standard
331(5)
21.2 8VSB Modulator
336(9)
21.3 8VSB Gross Data Rate and Net Data Rate
345(1)
21.4 ATSC Receiver
345(1)
21.5 Causes of Interference on ATSC Transmission Path
346(3)
22 ATSC/8VSB Measurements 349(8)
22.1 Bit Error Rate (BER) Measurement
349(1)
22.2 8VSB Measurements by Means of a Spectrum Analyzer
350(1)
22.3 Constellation Analysis on 8VSB Signals
351(4)
22.4 Measurement of Amplitude and Group Delay Response
355(2)
23 Digital Terrestrial Television according to ISDB-T 357(4)
24 Digital Television throughout the World - an Overview 361(4)
Bibliography 365(4)
Definition of Terms 369(12)
Index 381

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