| Preface |
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iii | |
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PART 1 Fundamental Concepts of Financial Management |
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1 | (208) |
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An Overview of Financial Management and the Financial Environment |
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2 | (44) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (3) |
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The Primary Objective of the Corporation: Value Maximization |
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7 | (4) |
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Box: Corporate Scandals and Maximizing Stock Price |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (4) |
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16 | (3) |
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Box: Online Trading Systems |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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Box: Measuring the Market |
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23 | (1) |
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The Cost of Money and Interest Rate Levels |
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24 | (2) |
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The Determinants of Market Interest Rates |
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26 | (5) |
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The Term Structure of Interest Rates |
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31 | (2) |
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What Determines the Shape of the Yield Curve? |
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33 | (2) |
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International Risk Factors |
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35 | (1) |
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Economic Factors That Influence Interest Rate Levels |
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36 | (2) |
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A Preview of What Is Ahead |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (7) |
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Web Extension: The Pure Expectations Theory and Estimation of Forward Rates |
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46 | (45) |
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47 | (1) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation and the Time Value of Money |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (5) |
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Box: The Power of Compound Interest |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (2) |
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Solving for Interest Rate and Time |
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56 | (3) |
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Future Value of an Annuity |
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59 | (3) |
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Present Value of an Annuity |
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62 | (4) |
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Annuities: Solving for Interest Rate, Number of Periods, or Payment |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (3) |
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71 | (1) |
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Semiannual and Other Compounding Periods |
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72 | (4) |
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76 | (1) |
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Box: Using the Internet for Personal Financial Planning |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (12) |
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Web Extension: The Tabular Approach and Continuous Compounding |
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Financial Statements, Cash Flow, and Taxes |
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91 | (35) |
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Financial Statements and Reports |
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92 | (1) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation and Financial Statements |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (3) |
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96 | (1) |
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Statement of Retained Earnings |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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Box: Financial Analysis on the Internet |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (2) |
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Modifying Accounting Data for Managerial Decisions |
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102 | (4) |
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Box: Financial Bamboozling: How to Spot It |
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106 | (3) |
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109 | (3) |
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The Federal Income Tax System |
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112 | (5) |
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117 | (9) |
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Web Extension: Individual Taxes |
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Risk and Return: The Basics |
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126 | (46) |
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127 | (1) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation and Risk |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (10) |
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Box: The Trade-Off Between Risk and Return |
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139 | (1) |
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Risk in a Portfolio Context |
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139 | (9) |
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Box: The Benefits of Diversifying Overseas |
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148 | (4) |
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Calculating Beta Coefficients |
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152 | (3) |
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The Relationship between Risk and Rates of Return |
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155 | (6) |
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Projects versus Securities |
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161 | (1) |
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Some Concerns about Beta and the CAPM |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (9) |
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Web Extension: Continuous Distributions and Estimating Beta with a Calculator |
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Risk and Return: Portfolio Theory and Asset Pricing Models |
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172 | (37) |
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173 | (1) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation and Risk |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (3) |
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Choosing the Optimal Portfolio |
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179 | (3) |
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The Basic Assumptions of the Capital Asset Pricing Model |
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182 | (1) |
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The Capital Market Line and the Security Market Line |
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183 | (4) |
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Calculating Beta Coefficients |
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187 | (8) |
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Empirical Tests of the CAPM |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (3) |
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The Fama-French Three-Factor Model |
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200 | (2) |
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An Alternative Theory of Risk and Return: Behavioral Finance |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (6) |
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PART 2 Securities and Their Valuation |
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209 | (96) |
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Bonds and Their Valuation |
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210 | (38) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation and Risk |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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Key Characteristics of Bonds |
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213 | (5) |
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218 | (6) |
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224 | (2) |
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Bonds with Semiannual Coupons |
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226 | (1) |
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Box: Drinking Your Coupons |
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227 | (1) |
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Assessing the Risk of a Bond |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (8) |
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Box: Santa Fe Bonds Finally Mature After 114 Years |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (2) |
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241 | (7) |
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Stocks and Their Valuation |
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248 | (36) |
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Legal Rights and Privileges of Common Stockholders |
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249 | (1) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation and Risk |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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The Market for Common Stock |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (1) |
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Box: Australian Bordello's IPO: First Day Performance Is Up |
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255 | (3) |
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258 | (3) |
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Expected Rate of Return on a Constant Growth Stock |
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261 | (2) |
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Valuing Stocks That Have a Nonconstant Growth Rate |
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263 | (3) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (6) |
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Actual Stock Prices and Returns |
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272 | (3) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (7) |
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Web Extension: Derivation of Valuation Equations |
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Financial Options and Their Valuation |
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284 | (21) |
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285 | (1) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation and Financial Options |
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286 | (5) |
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Box: Using Options in Compensation Plans |
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291 | (1) |
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Introduction to Option Pricing Models: The Binomial Approach |
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291 | (4) |
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The Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model (OPM) |
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295 | (4) |
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The Valuation of Put Options |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (5) |
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Web Extension: The Binomial Approach |
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PART 3 Projects and Their Valuation |
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305 | (136) |
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306 | (37) |
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The Weighted Average Cost of Capital |
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307 | (1) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation and the Cost of Capital |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (2) |
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Cost of Preferred Stock, rps |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (2) |
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312 | (5) |
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Dividend-Yield-plus-Growth-Rate, or Discounted Cash Flow (DCF), Approach |
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317 | (2) |
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Bond-Yield-plus-Risk-Premium Approach |
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319 | (1) |
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Comparison of the CAPM, DCF, and Bond-Yield-plus-Risk-Premium Methods |
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320 | (1) |
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Composite, or Weighted Average, Cost of Capital, WACC |
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320 | (1) |
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Box: Stern Stewart's WACC Estimates for Some Large U.S. Corporations |
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321 | (2) |
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Factors That Affect the Weighted Average Cost of Capital |
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323 | (1) |
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Box: Global Variations in the Cost of Capital |
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324 | (1) |
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Adjusting the Cost of Capital for Risk |
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324 | (3) |
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Techniques for Measuring Divisional Betas |
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327 | (1) |
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Estimating the Cost of Capital for Individual Projects |
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328 | (1) |
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Adjusting the Cost of Capital for Flotation Costs |
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329 | (2) |
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Some Problem Areas in Cost of Capital |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (10) |
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Web Extension: Estimation Issues: Growth Rates and the Nonconstant Growth Model |
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The Basics of Capital Budgeting: Evaluating Cash Flows |
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343 | (36) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation and Capital Budgeting |
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344 | (1) |
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Overview of Capital Budgeting |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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Capital Budgeting Decision Rules |
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346 | (7) |
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Comparison of the NPV and IRR Methods |
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353 | (4) |
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Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR) |
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357 | (2) |
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359 | (1) |
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Conclusions on Capital Budgeting Methods |
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359 | (2) |
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361 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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Box: How Does Industry Evaluate Projects? |
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363 | (1) |
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Special Applications of Cash Flow Evaluation |
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364 | (3) |
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The Optimal Capital Budget |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (11) |
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Web Extension: The AAR Method, the EAA Approach, and the Marginal WACC |
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Cash Flow Estimation and Risk Analysis |
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379 | (40) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation, Cash Flows, and Risk Analysis |
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380 | (1) |
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380 | (1) |
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Identifying the Relevant Cash Flows |
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381 | (4) |
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385 | (4) |
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Evaluating Capital Budgeting Projects |
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389 | (6) |
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395 | (2) |
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Project Risk Analysis: Techniques for Measuring Stand-Alone Risk |
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397 | (4) |
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Box: Capital Budgeting Practices in the Asia/Pacific Region |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (4) |
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406 | (1) |
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Incorporating Project Risk into Capital Budgeting |
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406 | (1) |
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Managing Risk through Phased Decisions: Decision Trees |
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407 | (2) |
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409 | (10) |
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Web Extension: Replacement Project Analysis |
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419 | (22) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation and Real Options |
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420 | (1) |
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Introduction to Real Options |
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421 | (2) |
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423 | (1) |
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The Investment Timing Option: An Illustration |
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423 | (10) |
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Concluding Thoughts on Real Options |
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433 | (1) |
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Box: Growth Options at Dot-Com Companies |
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434 | (1) |
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435 | (6) |
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Web Extension: Growth Options, Abandonment Options, and Risk-Neutral Valuation |
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PART 4 Corporate Valuation |
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441 | (104) |
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Analysis of Financial Statements |
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442 | (34) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation and Analysis of Financial Statements |
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443 | (1) |
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443 | (1) |
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444 | (3) |
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447 | (2) |
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449 | (3) |
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452 | (1) |
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Box: International Accounting Differences Create Headaches for Investors |
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453 | (1) |
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454 | (2) |
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Trend Analysis, Common Size Analysis, and Percent Change Analysis |
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456 | (4) |
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Tying the Ratios Together: The Du Pont Chart and Equation |
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460 | (2) |
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Comparative Ratios and ``Benchmarking'' |
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462 | (1) |
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Uses and Limitations of Ratio Analysis |
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463 | (2) |
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Box: Ratio Analysis in the Internet Age |
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465 | (1) |
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466 | (1) |
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Looking Beyond the Numbers |
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466 | (1) |
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467 | (9) |
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Financial Planning and Forecasting Pro Forma Financial Statements |
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476 | (30) |
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Overview of Financial Planning |
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477 | (1) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation and Financial Planning |
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478 | (2) |
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480 | (2) |
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Financial Statement Forecasting: The Percent of Sales Method |
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482 | (11) |
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493 | (1) |
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Forecasting Financial Requirements When the Balance Sheet Ratios Are Subject to Change |
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494 | (3) |
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497 | (9) |
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Web Extension: Financing Feedbacks and Alternative Forecasting Techniques |
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Corporate Valuation, Value-Based Management, and Corporate Governance |
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506 | (39) |
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Overview of Corporate Valuation |
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507 | (1) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation: Putting the Pieces Together |
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508 | (1) |
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The Corporate Valuation Model |
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509 | (7) |
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516 | (7) |
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Box: Who Is Creating Wealth? |
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523 | (1) |
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Box: Value-Based Management in Practice |
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524 | (1) |
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Corporate Governance and Shareholder Wealth |
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525 | (5) |
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Box: International Corporate Governance |
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530 | (4) |
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534 | (11) |
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PART 5 Strategic Financing Decisions |
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545 | (102) |
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Capital Structure Decisions: The Basics |
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546 | (36) |
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Preview of Capital Structure Issues |
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547 | (1) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation and the Cost of Capital |
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548 | (1) |
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Business and Financial Risk |
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549 | (7) |
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556 | (2) |
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Box: Yogi Berra on the MM Proposition |
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558 | (6) |
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Estimating the Optimal Capital Structure |
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564 | (1) |
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Box: Taking a Look at Global Capital Structures |
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565 | (7) |
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Checklist for Capital Structure Decisions |
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572 | (3) |
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575 | (7) |
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Web Extension: Degree of Leverage |
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Capital Structure Decisions: Extensions |
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582 | (31) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation: Capital Structure Decisions |
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583 | (1) |
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Capital Structure Theory: Arbitrage Proofs of the Modigliani-Miller Models |
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583 | (9) |
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Introducing Personal Taxes: The Miller Model |
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592 | (3) |
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Criticisms of the MM and Miller Models |
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595 | (2) |
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An Extension to the MM Model |
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597 | (3) |
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Risky Debt and Equity as an Option |
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600 | (4) |
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Capital Structure Theory: Our View |
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604 | (2) |
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606 | (7) |
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Distributions to Shareholders: Dividends and Repurchases |
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613 | (34) |
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The Level of Distributions and Firm Value |
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614 | (1) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation and Distributions to Shareholders |
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615 | (3) |
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618 | (1) |
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Box: Dividend Yields Around the World |
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619 | (1) |
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Information Content, or Signaling, Hypothesis |
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619 | (2) |
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Implications for Dividend Stability |
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621 | (1) |
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Setting the Target Distribution Level: The Residual Distribution Model |
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621 | (3) |
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Distributions in the Form of Dividends |
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624 | (2) |
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Distributions through Stock Repurchases |
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626 | (4) |
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Comparison of Dividends and Repurchases |
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630 | (1) |
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Other Factors Influencing Distributions |
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631 | (1) |
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Overview of the Distribution Policy Decision |
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632 | (2) |
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Stock Splits and Stock Dividends |
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634 | (2) |
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Dividend Reinvestment Plans |
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636 | (1) |
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637 | (10) |
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PART 6 Tactical Financing Decisions |
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647 | (94) |
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Initial Public Offerings, Investment Banking, and Financial Restructuring |
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648 | (38) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation, IPOs, and Financial Restructuring |
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649 | (1) |
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The Financial Life Cycle of a Startup Company |
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649 | (1) |
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The Decision to Go Public: Initial Public Offerings |
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650 | (2) |
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The Process of Going Public |
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652 | (8) |
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Equity Carve-Outs: A Special Type of IPO |
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660 | (1) |
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Non-IPO Investment Banking Activities |
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661 | (3) |
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The Decision to Go Private |
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664 | (2) |
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Managing the Maturity Structure of Debt |
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666 | (2) |
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668 | (5) |
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Box: TVA Ratchets Down Its Interest Expenses |
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673 | (2) |
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Managing the Risk Structure of Debt |
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675 | (2) |
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Box: Bowie Bonds Ch-Ch-Change Asset Securitization |
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677 | (1) |
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678 | (8) |
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Web Extension: Rights Offerings and Zero Coupon Bonds |
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686 | (26) |
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The Two Parties to Leasing |
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687 | (1) |
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687 | (1) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation and Lease Financing |
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688 | (2) |
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690 | (2) |
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Financial Statement Effects |
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692 | (2) |
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694 | (4) |
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698 | (1) |
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Box: Leasing Comes to the Internet |
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699 | (2) |
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Other Issues in Lease Analysis |
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701 | (2) |
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Box: Lease Securitization |
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703 | (1) |
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Other Reasons for Leasing |
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704 | (1) |
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705 | (7) |
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Web Extension: Percentage Cost Analysis, Leasing Feedback, and Leveraged Leases |
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Hybrid Financing: Preferred Stock, Warrants, and Convertibles |
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712 | (29) |
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713 | (1) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation and Hybrid Financing |
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714 | (1) |
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Box: Where's the Dividend? |
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715 | (1) |
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Box: A Rose by Any Other Name: MIPS, QUIPS, TOPrS, and QUIDS |
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716 | (2) |
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718 | (4) |
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722 | (8) |
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A Final Comparison of Warrants and Convertibles |
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730 | (1) |
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Reporting Earnings When Warrants or Convertibles Are Outstanding |
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731 | (1) |
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731 | (10) |
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Web Extension: Calling Convertible Issues |
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741 | (217) |
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Working Capital Management |
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742 | (41) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation and Working Capital Management |
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743 | (1) |
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The Cash Conversion Cycle |
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743 | (5) |
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Alternative Net Operating Working Capital Policies |
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748 | (1) |
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Box: The Best at Managing Working Capital |
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749 | (1) |
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749 | (1) |
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750 | (3) |
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Box: The Great Debate: How Much Cash Is Enough? |
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753 | (1) |
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Cash Management Techniques |
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754 | (2) |
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756 | (1) |
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756 | (1) |
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Box: Supply Chain Management |
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757 | (3) |
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Accruals and Accounts Payable (Trade Credit) |
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760 | (4) |
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Alternative Short-Term Financing Policies |
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764 | (2) |
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Short-Term Investments: Marketable Securities |
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766 | (1) |
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767 | (1) |
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768 | (2) |
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770 | (1) |
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Use of Security in Short-Term Financing |
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771 | (1) |
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771 | (12) |
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Web Extension: Secured Short-Term Financing |
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Derivatives and Risk Management |
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783 | (30) |
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784 | (1) |
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Box: Corporate Valuation and Risk Management |
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785 | (2) |
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Background on Derivatives |
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787 | (2) |
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789 | (3) |
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Other Types of Derivatives |
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792 | (6) |
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798 | (1) |
|
Fundamentals of Risk Management |
|
|
798 | (2) |
|
Box: Microsoft's Goal: Manage Every Risk! |
|
|
800 | (1) |
|
Using Derivatives to Reduce Risks |
|
|
801 | (3) |
|
Box: Risk Management in the Cyber Economy |
|
|
804 | (4) |
|
|
|
808 | (5) |
|
Web Extension: Risk Management with Insurance and Bond Portfolio Immunization |
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|
|
Bankruptcy, Reorganization, and Liquidation |
|
|
813 | (28) |
|
Financial Distress and Its Consequences |
|
|
814 | (2) |
|
Issues Facing a Firm in Financial Distress |
|
|
816 | (1) |
|
Settlements without Going through Formal Bankruptcy |
|
|
816 | (3) |
|
|
|
819 | (1) |
|
Reorganization in Bankruptcy |
|
|
820 | (8) |
|
Liquidation in Bankruptcy |
|
|
828 | (4) |
|
Other Motivations for Bankruptcy |
|
|
832 | (1) |
|
Some Criticisms of Bankruptcy Laws |
|
|
833 | (1) |
|
Other Topics in Bankruptcy |
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
|
|
834 | (7) |
|
Web Extension: Case Histories and Multiple Discriminant Analysis |
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|
|
Mergers, LBOs, Divestitures, and Holding Companies |
|
|
841 | (40) |
|
|
|
842 | (3) |
|
|
|
845 | (1) |
|
|
|
845 | (2) |
|
Hostile versus Friendly Takeovers |
|
|
847 | (1) |
|
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
|
|
849 | (1) |
|
The Adjusted Present Value (APV) Approach |
|
|
850 | (5) |
|
|
|
855 | (1) |
|
Analysis When There Is a Permanent Change in Capital Structure |
|
|
856 | (1) |
|
Taxes and the Structure of the Takeover Bid |
|
|
857 | (4) |
|
Box: Tempest in a Teapot? |
|
|
861 | (1) |
|
Financial Reporting for Mergers |
|
|
861 | (2) |
|
Analysis for a ``True Consolidation'' |
|
|
863 | (1) |
|
The Role of Investment Bankers |
|
|
864 | (3) |
|
Who Wins: The Empirical Evidence |
|
|
867 | (1) |
|
|
|
868 | (1) |
|
|
|
869 | (1) |
|
|
|
870 | (2) |
|
|
|
872 | (2) |
|
|
|
874 | (7) |
|
Web Extension: Comparison of Alternative Valuation Models |
|
|
|
Multinational Financial Management |
|
|
881 | (77) |
|
Multinational, or Global, Corporations |
|
|
882 | (1) |
|
Multinational versus Domestic Financial Management |
|
|
883 | (1) |
|
Box: The Euro: What You Need to Know |
|
|
884 | (1) |
|
|
|
885 | (3) |
|
The International Monetary System |
|
|
888 | (3) |
|
Trading in Foreign Exchange |
|
|
891 | (1) |
|
|
|
892 | (2) |
|
Box: Hungry for a Big Mac? Go to China! |
|
|
894 | (1) |
|
|
|
895 | (1) |
|
Inflation, Interest Rates, and Exchange Rates |
|
|
896 | (1) |
|
International Money and Capital Markets |
|
|
897 | (3) |
|
Multinational Capital Budgeting |
|
|
900 | (3) |
|
Box: Stock Market Indices Around the World |
|
|
903 | (1) |
|
International Capital Structures |
|
|
903 | (2) |
|
Multinational Working Capital Management |
|
|
905 | (3) |
|
|
|
908 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
Appendix A Solutions to Self-Test Problems |
|
|
914 | (28) |
|
Appendix B Answers to End-of-Chapter Problems |
|
|
942 | (7) |
|
Appendix C Selected Equations and Data |
|
|
949 | (8) |
|
Appendix D Mathematical Table |
|
|
957 | (1) |
| Glossary |
|
958 | (19) |
| Name Index |
|
977 | (2) |
| Subject Index |
|
979 | |