| Preface |
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xi | |
| Acknowledgements |
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xii | |
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The Intestinal Microflora |
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1 | (23) |
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From Petri dish to polyacrylamide gel |
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1 | (6) |
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Catalogues show diversity |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (5) |
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Is it all the same in the end? |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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Rules and regulations, but mind your language |
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15 | (9) |
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Food and the Large Intestine |
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24 | (28) |
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24 | (2) |
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Interactions of the microflora with the host |
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26 | (1) |
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Effect of diet on the colonic microflora |
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26 | (5) |
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Diet and bacterial species composition in the large intestine |
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26 | (2) |
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Diet and bacterial metabolism |
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28 | (2) |
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Intestinal bacteria and vitamins |
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30 | (1) |
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Bacterial growth substrates in the large intestine |
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31 | (1) |
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Breakdown of complex carbohydrates by intestinal bacteria |
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32 | (3) |
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Protein breakdown by gut microorganisms |
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35 | (4) |
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Toxological implications of amino acid fermentation |
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36 | (2) |
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Effects of carbohydrate on amino acid fermentation |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (2) |
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Effect of diet on SCFA production |
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40 | (1) |
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In vitro studies on SCFA production |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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Lactate formation by gut microorganisms |
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41 | (11) |
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The Health Benefits of Probiotics and Prebiotics |
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52 | (25) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (4) |
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Composition of probiotic preparations |
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55 | (2) |
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Tracking probiotics through the gut |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (7) |
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Oligosaccharides as prebiotics |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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Inulin and fructooligosaccharides |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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Persistence of the prebiotic effect to distal regions of the colon |
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65 | (1) |
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Anti-adhesive activities against pathogens and toxins |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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Defined health outcomes of probiotics and prebiotics |
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66 | (3) |
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Improved tolerance to lactose |
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66 | (1) |
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Protection from gastroenteritis |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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Improved digestion and gut function |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (8) |
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Intestinal Microflora and Metabolic Activity |
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77 | (22) |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (3) |
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82 | (2) |
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SCFA and electrolytes absorption |
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84 | (3) |
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87 | (1) |
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Physiological consequences of SCFA absorption |
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87 | (2) |
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Probiotics and the intestinal metabolism of carbohydrates |
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89 | (10) |
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The Role of the Immune System |
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99 | (38) |
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Overview of the immune system |
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99 | (16) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (3) |
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Early induced immune response |
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103 | (1) |
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Adaptative immune response |
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104 | (1) |
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B lymphocytes and the immunoglobulins |
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104 | (5) |
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T lymphocytes and the T cell receptor complex |
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109 | (1) |
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APCs and the MHC molecules |
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110 | (5) |
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Education of lymphocytes in the primary lymphoid organs |
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115 | (4) |
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Education of T lymphocytes in the thymus |
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115 | (2) |
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Education of B lymphocytes in the bone marrow |
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117 | (2) |
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The immune system functioning |
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119 | (11) |
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Peripheral lympoid tissues, a place where lymphocytes meet the antigen |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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Cell-mediated immune response: generation of armed effector T cells |
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122 | (1) |
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Generation of Th1 and Th2 cells |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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Activation of B cells in the secondary lymphoid organs |
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125 | (5) |
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Kinetics of the immune response |
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130 | (1) |
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Endogenous regulation of the immune response |
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130 | (7) |
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Tolerance to T cell repertoire |
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131 | (1) |
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Tolerance to B cell repertoire |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (4) |
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Behaviour of the Immune System in Eating Disorders |
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137 | (18) |
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Relationship between nutrition and the immune system |
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137 | (9) |
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The defence of the organism |
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137 | (1) |
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Immune system behaviour under malnutrition |
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138 | (1) |
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Effects of micronutrients on the immune system |
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139 | (4) |
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143 | (3) |
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The immune system in eating disorders |
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146 | (3) |
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Eating disorders as a clear example of malnutrition |
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146 | (1) |
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Cytokine participation over the lack of infection in eating disorders |
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146 | (1) |
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The interrelationship between leptin and cytokines |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (6) |
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Mucosal Immune System and Malnutrition |
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155 | (23) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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Organized mucosal lymphoid tissues |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (4) |
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Role of epithelial, toll-like receptors and dentritic cells |
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156 | (4) |
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160 | (1) |
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Effect of nutritional factors on the microenvironment of mucosal immune system |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (5) |
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Nutritional effects on immune mechanisms |
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161 | (1) |
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Essential amino acid deficiency and immune response |
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162 | (1) |
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Nutritional deficiencies and mucosal immune defence systems in animals |
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163 | (3) |
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Probiotics in malnutrition |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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Protein malnutrition and immune response |
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167 | (1) |
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Effects of probiotic addition to a renutrition diet |
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168 | (10) |
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Immune Activation Versus Hyporesponsiveness and Tolerance in the Gut |
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178 | (23) |
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178 | (1) |
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Innate and adaptative immunity |
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179 | (1) |
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Antigen and the T cell response |
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180 | (1) |
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Antigen-presenting cells in the GIT |
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181 | (1) |
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T cell function in the GIT -- the CD4+ population |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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Intestinal epithelial cells |
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184 | (1) |
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Peyer's patches -- suppression of T cell responsiveness |
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185 | (2) |
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Probiotic bacteria -- a biological role as live or dead organisms |
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187 | (1) |
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Immune activation by probiotic bacteria feeding |
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187 | (5) |
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Probiosis -- is it Gram-positive versus Gram-negative bacteria or is it live versus dead bacteria? |
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192 | (3) |
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195 | (6) |
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Food Hypersensitivity and Allergic Diseases |
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201 | (7) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (2) |
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Identification of high risk infants for prevention |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (2) |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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Management of food allergy |
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206 | (2) |
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Nutritional and Microbial Modulation of Carcinogenesis |
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208 | (29) |
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208 | (1) |
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Bacteria and cancer overview |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (6) |
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211 | (1) |
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β-glucuronidase and β-glycosidase |
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211 | (1) |
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Enzymic hydrolysis of plant flavonoids |
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212 | (1) |
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Nitroreductase and nitrate reductase |
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213 | (1) |
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Metabolism of heterocyclic amines |
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213 | (1) |
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Metabolism of sulphur-containing compounds |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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Reduced exposure to toxic compounds |
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217 | (1) |
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Formation of toxic and protective agents during fermentation |
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217 | (3) |
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Carbohydrate fermentation |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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Products of colonic protein fermentation |
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219 | (1) |
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Probiotics, prebiotics and cancer |
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220 | (17) |
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The Role of Nutrition in Immunity of the Aged |
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237 | (33) |
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237 | (1) |
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Aging and immune function |
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238 | (10) |
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238 | (1) |
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Age-related changes in skin and mucous barriers |
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238 | (1) |
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Age-related changes in phagocytic cells |
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238 | (5) |
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Age-related changes in natural killer cells |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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Age-related involution of thymic function |
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244 | (1) |
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Quantitative and qualitative changes in T cell subpopulations in the elderly |
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244 | (2) |
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Age-related changes in T cell function |
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246 | (1) |
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Changes in B cell number and function in the elderly |
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247 | (1) |
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Nutritional regulation of immune function of the aged |
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248 | (10) |
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Effect of protein-energy malnutrition on immune responses in aged people |
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248 | (1) |
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Alterations in polymorphonuclear functions during PEM in the elderly |
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248 | (2) |
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Alterations in monocyte/macrophage functions during PEM in the elderly |
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250 | (1) |
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Alterations in T-cell mediated immunity during PEM in the elderly |
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250 | (2) |
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Alterations in B-cell mediated immunity during PEM |
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252 | (1) |
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Immune response during nutritional recovery in undernourished elderly persons |
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252 | (1) |
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Influence of nutritional recovery on PMN function in old age |
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252 | (1) |
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Influence of nutritional recovery on T cell function in old age |
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253 | (2) |
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Influence of nutritional supplementation in healthy well-nourished elderly subjects |
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255 | (3) |
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258 | (12) |
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270 | (5) |
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| Index |
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275 | |
Other versions by this Author