HP-UX 11i Version 2 System Administration HP Integrity and HP 9000 Servers

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Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2005-05-25
Publisher(s): Prentice Hall
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Summary

The only definitive guide for HP-UX system administrators of all levels.

Author Biography

Marty Poniatowski has been a Solution Architect with Hewlett-Packard Company for 18 years in the New York area. He has worked with hundreds of Hewlett-Packard customers in many industries, including media and entertainment, consulting, Internet startups, financial services, and manufacturing.

Marty has been widely published in computer-industry trade publications. He has published more than 50 articles on various computer-related topics. In addition to this book, he is the author of 13 other Prentice Hall books. Marty holds an M.S. in Information Systems from Polytechnic University (Brooklyn, NY), an M.S. in Management Engineering from the University of Bridgeport (Bridgeport, CT), and a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Roger Williams University (Bristol, RI).


© Copyright Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

Table of Contents

Preface xv
About This Book xv
Version 2 Update 2 Features xv
Relevant URLs xviii
Open Source and Other Sites of Interest xix
Acknowledgments xx
The Author: Marty Poniatowski xx
Martin Whittaker xx
Steven M. Wolff xxi
Brian Hackley xxi
Glenn Miller xxi
Reviewers and Other Contributers xxii
Conventions Used in This Book xxiii
Booting HP Integrity Servers
1(18)
Introduction
1(1)
High-Level Boot Process Overview on HP Integrity Servers
2(2)
EFI and POSSE
4(15)
Working with EFI
7(3)
EFI Command Examples
10(9)
Booting on HP 9000 Servers (PDC, ISL, hpux)
19(28)
Introduction
19(1)
Boot Process Overview
20(3)
The BCH Commands Including PathFlags on PA-RISC
23(6)
The setboot Command
29(1)
Boot Console Handler (BCH) and Processor Dependent Code (PDC)
30(8)
PDC Commands
38(2)
Initial System Loader
40(3)
HPUX Secondary System Loader (hpux)
43(4)
Installing HP-UX
47(60)
Topics Covered in this Chapter
47(1)
Background on HP-UX 11i Operating Environments
48(3)
Installing the HP-UX 11i Operating Environment
51(56)
Integrity Early Boot and Begin Loading HP-UX from an Ignite-UX Server
51(2)
Integrity Early Boot and Begin Loading HP-UX from Media
53(2)
Loading HP-UX
55(10)
HP 9000 Early Boot and Beginning the Load of HP-UX
65(3)
Setting the System Parameters After Booting
68(3)
Software Distributor Example: Load Additional Software
71(14)
Loading Patches
85(9)
Remote Support (Instant Support Enterprise Edition)
94(4)
Software Distributor Background
98(4)
Listing Software
102(5)
Logical Volume Manager
107(60)
Introduction
107(1)
Logical Volume Manager Background
108(20)
Logical Volume Manager Terms
109(5)
Disk Mirroring
114(1)
Logical Volume Manager Commands
115(1)
Physical Volume Commands
116(2)
Volume Group Commands
118(3)
Logical Volume Commands
121(5)
JFS and OnLineJFS Commands
126(2)
Example of Adding External Disks
128(18)
Fibre Interface Worldwide Names
128(1)
Install Special Files and Work with Disk Devices
129(1)
Example Volume Layout Table
130(1)
Steps to Add External Storage to Partitions
131(2)
Scripts to Handle pv and vg Work
133(3)
Command File to Perform Logical Volume-Related Work
136(10)
Commonly Used LVM Procedures
146(15)
Some Additional File System-Related Commands
161(6)
Viewing File Systems with bdf
161(1)
File System Maintenance with fsck
162(3)
Initialize with mediainit
165(2)
Configuring an HP-UX Kernel
167(32)
Introduction
167(1)
Kernel Commands
168(14)
kcmodule
168(3)
kctune
171(5)
kconfig
176(2)
kclog
178(1)
kcusage
178(2)
kcalarm
180(1)
kcmond
181(1)
Building a Kernel
182(9)
Reverting to a Saved Kernel Configuration
187(1)
System File
187(4)
kcweb
191(8)
Devices
199(26)
Introduction
199(1)
Device File Background
200(8)
The ioscan Command
201(6)
Mapping LBA to Slot Number
207(1)
Identify the Cards and Slot Numbers---Integrity Superdome Example
208(4)
Identify the Cards and Slot Numbers---rx Example
212(6)
OLA/R
218(7)
Isdev and Issf
220(5)
Backup
225(30)
Built-In Backup Programs
225(3)
tar
228(5)
cpio
233(5)
fbackup and frecover
238(6)
dd
244(2)
dump and restore
246(3)
Back Up of Virtual Partitions
249(1)
Back Up to a Tape Drive on the Local Virtual Partition
249(3)
Back Up to a Tape Drive on a Different Local Virtual Partition
252(3)
System Startup and Shutdown
255(20)
Introduction
255(1)
System Startup and Shutdown Mechanism
255(12)
System Shutdown
264(3)
System Startup and Shutdown Scripts in Virtual Partitions
267(1)
Application Startup in Virtual Partitions
267(3)
Virtual Partition Startup
270(5)
Users and Groups
275(16)
Set Up Users and Groups
275(7)
Assigning Users to Groups
279(3)
Partitions and Users: vPars Examples
282(1)
Individual User Setup
283(1)
Application Users
284(2)
NIS for Managing Users
286(5)
What Does NIS Manage?
286(1)
How Do I Plan for NIS?
287(1)
How Do I Configure an NIS Master or Slave Server?
288(1)
How Do I Configure an NIS Client?
289(1)
How Do I Maintain My NIS Environment?
290(1)
Ignite-UX
291(26)
Ignite-UX Overview
291(1)
Set Up the Ignite/UX Server and Boot From It
292(16)
Run Ignite-UX CLI to Set Up and Load Software on the Server
297(6)
Booting a Client From an Ignite-UX Server
303(5)
Creating a Recovery Archive with make_net_recovery
308(9)
Recovery Archive with Ignite-UX: Server Setup
309(1)
Recovery Archive with Ignite-UX: Client Setup
310(2)
Recovery Archive with Ignite-UX: Client Recovery
312(5)
HP System Insight Manager (HP SIM)
317(24)
HP SIM
317(24)
Obtaining and Installing HP SIM
320(7)
Working with the HP SIM GUI
327(6)
Set Up an HP-UX Managed System
333(6)
HP SIM CLI Commands
339(2)
System Administration Manager (SAM)
341(60)
SAM Overview
341(1)
Running and Using SAM as Superuser
342(4)
Author's Disclaimer: SAM Is a Moving Target
346(1)
Accounts for Users and Groups
346(6)
Adding a User
349(3)
Auditing and Security
352(4)
Audited Events and Audited System Calls
354(1)
Audited Users
354(1)
Authenticated Commands
354(1)
System Security Policies
355(1)
Backup and Recovery
356(2)
Disks and File Systems
358(5)
Disk Devices
361(1)
File Systems
361(1)
Logical Volumes
362(1)
Swap
363(1)
Volume Groups
363(1)
Display
363(1)
Kernel Configuration
364(1)
Networking and Communications
364(9)
Bootable Devices
368(1)
DNS (BIND)
368(1)
Hosts
369(1)
NIS
369(1)
NIS+
370(1)
Name Service Switch
370(1)
Network Interface Cards
370(1)
Network Services
371(1)
Network File Systems
371(1)
System Access
372(1)
Partition Manager
373(1)
Performance Monitors
374(3)
Disk and Terminal Activity
375(1)
GlancePlus
375(1)
Inter-Process Communication Facility Status
375(1)
Processes with Highest CPU Usage
376(1)
System Activity
376(1)
System Properties
376(1)
Virtual Memory Activity
377(1)
Peripheral Devices
377(4)
Cards and Devices
379(1)
Tape Drives
380(1)
Terminals and Modems
380(1)
Uninterruptable Power Supplies
380(1)
Printers and Plotters
381(5)
Print Requests
383(1)
Printers and Plotters
383(3)
Save/Restore Spooler Configuration
386(1)
Process Management
386(5)
Process Control
387(3)
Scheduling Cron Jobs
390(1)
Resource Management
391(1)
Routine Tasks
391(5)
Backup and Recovery
392(1)
Selective File Removal
393(1)
System Log Files
394(2)
System Shutdown
396(1)
Run SAM on Remote Systems
396(1)
Software Management
397(1)
Time
398(1)
SAM Log Viewer
398(3)
Introduction to HP-UX Performance Tools
401(42)
Introduction
401(1)
Standard UNIX Commands
402(1)
I/O and CPU Statistics with iostat (complete)
402(2)
Virtual Memory Statistics with vmstat
404(1)
Network Statistics with netstat
405(4)
Check Processes with ps
409(3)
Killing a Process
412(1)
Signals
413(8)
Show Remote Mounts with showmount
414(1)
Show System Swap
414(2)
sar: The System Activity Reporter
416(5)
top
421(2)
HP GlancePlus/UX
423(20)
Process List Description
426(4)
CPU Report Screen Description
430(3)
Memory Report Screen Description
433(3)
Disk Report Screen Description
436(3)
GlancePlus Summary
439(2)
Advanced Tools: Performance Manager
441(2)
Networking Background
443(12)
An Overview of IEEE802.3, TCP/IP
443(4)
Internet Protocol (IP) Addressing and Subnet Mask
447(8)
Configuring and Using Networking
455(58)
Introduction
455(1)
Configuring Networking and LAN Adapters
456(9)
Identify LAN Cards in System
456(1)
Use set_parms to Configure First LAN Interface
457(6)
Manually Configure Second LAN Interface
463(2)
Commonly Used Networking Commands
465(17)
ping
467(2)
netstat
469(5)
route
474(1)
ifconfig
475(2)
rpcinfo
477(1)
arp
478(1)
lanadmin
478(2)
nslookup and nsquery
480(1)
ndd
481(1)
Using Networking
482(2)
Internet Services ARPA (Communication Among Systems with Different OS)
484(3)
Internet Services Berkeley (Communication Between UNIX Systems)
487(2)
Host Name Mapping
489(4)
Set Up DNS Servers Using BIND 8.1.2 and 9.2 on HP-UX 1 li
493(12)
A Word on Slave (Secondary) Name Servers
502(2)
A Word On Cache-Only Name Servers
504(1)
A Final Word on Name Server Setup
505(1)
Network File System (NFS)
505(8)
Example NFS Configuration
508(5)
Virtual Partitions (vPars)
513(50)
Introduction
513(1)
About Virtual Partitions
514(1)
Virtual Partitions Background
515(2)
Uses of Virtual Partitions
517(1)
Loading the Software
518(6)
Virtual Partitions Command Summary
524(3)
Steps to Create Virtual Partitions
527(36)
Load HP-UX 11i
529(1)
Load the Virtual Partitions Application Software
530(1)
Gather the System Component and Hardware Paths
531(6)
List the Components of the Virtual Partitions
537(5)
Virtual Partition Kernel-Related Work
542(2)
Create the First Virtual Partition
544(1)
Boot the First Virtual Partition
545(5)
Create the Second Virtual Partition
550(2)
Boot the Second Virtual Partition
552(3)
Modify the Virtual Partition
555(6)
Virtual Partition Dump Files
561(1)
Summary
562(1)
Node Partitions (nPartitions) and Management Processor Overview
563(50)
Introduction to nPartitions
563(2)
Cells and nPartitions
565(2)
Ways of Managing nPartitions
567(6)
Command Menu (CM) From the MP Main Menu
573(5)
HP-UX nPartition Commands Using Consoles Area
578(8)
The parstatus Command
578(4)
The olrad -q Command
582(2)
The ioscan Command
584(2)
Modifying and Creating an nPartition
586(12)
Summary of HP-UX nPartition Commands
593(5)
Using CM, VFP, and CO to Reset a Partition on PA-RISC
598(3)
Using Partition Manager (parmgr) to Modify and Create nPartitions
601(12)
Future Directions for HP-UX System Administration
613(12)
Introduction
613(1)
Driving Forces
614(1)
Need to Increase Server Utilization
614(1)
Need to Increase Service Levels
614(1)
Heterogeneous Operating System Administration
615(1)
Affects of Sarbanes-Oxley Act
615(1)
Virtualization
615(5)
Current HP-UX Partitioning Technologies
616(2)
Integrity Virtual Machines
618(1)
Tools to Make It Fool-Proof
618(2)
Automation
620(2)
Standardization and Simplification
620(1)
Automated Configuration Management
620(1)
Policy-Based Workload Management
621(1)
Virtual Server Environment
622(1)
Looking Forward
623(2)
Index 625

Excerpts

Preface to Springboard into Windows XP with Service Pack 2 PREFACE About The Book HP-UX 11i System Administration Handbookcovers HP-UX for both Intel#xAE;Itanium#xAE;servers, called Integrity Servers, and Precision Architecture (PARISC) servers, called the HP 9000 Servers. There were different versions of HP-UX that ran on HP Integrity and HP 9000 server families in the past but now HP-UX 11i version 2 runs on both server families, that is, the same source code base is used for both server families. Many differences exist between version 1 and version 2 such as commands used to configure the kernel. The following is a partial list of features of version 2, some of which are comparisons to version 1, that are important to the operation of HP-UX 11i. Keep in mind that this list is being enhanced continuously and that these are some features available at the time of this writing: Version 2 Update 2 Features 1 to 128-way processor scalability under the same operating system. Huge file system size of 32 TB, file size of 2 TB, and many other advanced file system-related features. Up to four different 64-bit operating systems can run simultaneously on the same HP Integrity Server including HP-UX 11i (which is covered extensively throughout this book), Windows Server 2003 and Linux (which are covered in Chapter xyz), and OpenVMS. Multi-operating-system management with HP System Insight Manager (HP SIM) covered in Chapter 11. Electrically isolated hard partitions (nPartitions) covered in Chapter 17. Virtual Partitions (vPars) that provide full software isolation covered in Chapter 16. In-chassis upgrade from PA-RISC to Itanium with version 2 being the same source code base for both architectures. ServiceGuard support for mixed environments with both HP Integrity and HP 9000 Servers. Instant Capacity On-Demand (iCOD) and numerous variants of iCOD. Substantial performance increase of version 2 over version 1. This is only a partial list of the many advanced features of HP-UX 11i. HP-UX has come a long way since the early days of the operating system. The speed of the operating system has increased along with the speed of the hardware. Functionality such has both hard and soft partitions and manageability with HP SIM has changed the way that systems are laid-out and managed. For enterprise applications HP-UX has truely reached the level of a fully functional data center operating system that can run any application vital to the operation of a business. I crafted this book in such as a way that the major HP-UX topics are covered in such a way to help you get up-and-running quickly using some of of HP-UX#x19;s advanced features such as partitioning. The book starts out with extensive coverage of booting HP Integrity and HP 9000 servers. Much of the firmware related to booting differs on these two server families so I cover booting these systems in detail in Chapters 1 and 2 for Integrity and HP 9000 respectively. The Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) is an important part of booting HP Integrity servers, which can run different operating systems in different partitions, so I spend a significant amount of time covering this topic in Chapter 1. There are many new functions in HP-UX 11i version 2 that have been introduced and have become mainstream since the previous revision of this book was introduced. Most HP-UX installations now make liberal use of Virtual Partitions (vPars) and hard partitions (called Node Partitions or nPartitions). I cover these technologies extensively in the book since this is currently the most sought after topic related to HP-UX. Many other topics are covered in additional chaptersas you would expect in one of my HP-UX system adminstration books. I hope you enjoy reading the book and learning the material as much as I did writing it. Marty Poniatowski marty.poniatowski@hp.com Relevant URLs There are many Web sites that can assist you in your HP-UX system administration endeavors. I have listed some of the more prominent HP-UX-related Web sites below as they existed at the time of this writing: HP Developer and Solution Partner Portal (DSPP). This is a web site that has a lot of good software developer information and tools such as the Software Transition Kit (STK). You can download the STK to test your application when moving from one revision of HP-UX to another. http://www.hp.com/dspp The Extended Firmware Interface (EFI). This is firmware on Itaniumbased systems that sits between the operating system and platform firmware: http://www.intel.com/technology/efi/index.htm IT Resource Center (ITRC) has valuable hardware, software, network, and other kinds of information for HP system administrators: http://www.itrc.com Technical documentation, including most all HP-UX documents: http://www.docs.hp.com Software depot home page for HP: http://www.software.hp.com HP Education Web Site http://www.education.hp.com vPar product information: http://www.hp.com/go/servicecontrol HP-UX documentation: http://docs.hp.com/hpux/ Instant Capacity on Demand (iCOD): http://www.hp.com/go/icod The International Association of HP Computing Professionals: http://www.interex.org Information on Intel#x19;s Itanium Processor: http://www.hp.com/go/itanium Register name servers at: http://www.icann.org/registrars/accredited-list.html Excellent unsupported system administration scripts at: ftp://contrib:9unsupp8@hprc.external.hp.com/sysadmin/ Ximian GNOME on HP-UX: http://www.hp.com/workstations/support/software/hpux/gnome/index.html Open Source and Other Sites of Interest Information on Perl, including sites to download Perl: http://www.perl.com The Perl Journal: http://www.tpj.com Information about the GNOME desktop environment: http://www.gnome.org Public-domain software that has been ported to HP-UX: http://hpux.connect.org.uk Site devoted to managing and promoting open source: http://www.opensource.org Linux documentation site: http://www.linuxdoc.org Acknowledgments There were too many people involved in helping me with this book to list each and every one. I have, therefore, decided to formally thank those who wrote sections of the book and those who took time to review it. I#x19;m still not sure whether it takes more time to write something or review something that has been written to ensure that it is correct. The Author: Marty Poniatowski

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