Introduction to Mesoscopic Physics

by
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2002-02-06
Publisher(s): Oxford University Press
List Price: $142.65

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Summary

Mesoscopic physics refers to the physics of structures larger than a nanometer (one billionth of a meter) but smaller than a micrometer (one millionth of a meter). This size range is the stage on which the exciting new research on submicroscopic and electronic and mechanical devices is being done. This research often crosses the boundary between physics and engineering, since engineering such tiny electronic components requires a firm grasp of quantum physics. Applications for the future may include such wonders as microscopic robot surgeons that travel through the blood stream to repair clogged arteries, submicroscopic actuators and builders, and supercomputers that fit on the head of a pin. The world of the future is being planned and built by physicists, engineers, and chemists working in the microscopic realm. This book can be used as the main text in a course on mesoscopic physics or as a supplementary text in electronic devices, semiconductor devices, and condensed matter physics courses. For this new edition, the author has substantially updated and modified the material especially of chapters 3: Dephasing, 8: Noise in mesoscopic systems, and the concluding chapter 9.

Author Biography

Yoseph Imry is a Professor of Physics at the Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel

Table of Contents

List of Symbols
xv
Introduction and a Brief Review of Experimental Systems
1(8)
Generalities
1(3)
A Brief Description of Systems and Fabrication Methods
4(5)
Quantum Transport, Anderson Localization
9(23)
Basic Concepts
9(6)
Localization Ideas
11(4)
Thermally Activated Conduction in the Localized Regime
15(2)
The Thouless Picture, Localization in Thin Wires and Finite Temperature Effects
17(4)
The Scaling Theory of Localization and its Consequences
21(8)
General
21(2)
The Case d ≤ 2
23(1)
The Case d > 2, the M-I Transition
24(5)
The Weakly Localized Regime
29(3)
Dephasing by Coupling with the Environment, Application to Coulomb Electron-Electron Interactions in Metals
32(26)
Introduction and Review of the Principles of Dephasing
32(8)
Dephasing by the Electron-Electron Interaction
40(5)
Review of Results in Various Dimensions
45(5)
Dephasing Time vs. Electron-Electron Scattering Time
50(3)
A Useful Expression for the Dephasing Rate and a Discussion of the T → O Limit
53(5)
Mesoscopic Effects in Equilibrium and Static Properties
58(26)
Introductory Remarks, Thermodynamic Fluctuation Effects
58(4)
Quantum Interference in Equilibrium Properties, Persistent Currents
62(22)
Generalities, Simple Situations
62(6)
Independent Electrons in Disordered Systems
68(4)
The Semiclassical Picture
72(4)
General Results on Ensemble-averaged Persistent Currents for Constant N
76(2)
Semiclassical Theory of Spectral Correlations, Applications to Rings
78(2)
Interaction Effects on the Persistent Currents
80(4)
Quantum Interference Effects in Transport Properties, the Landauer Formulation and Applications
84(32)
Generalities, Remarks on the Kubo Conductivity for Finite Systems
84(3)
The Landauer-type Formulation for Conductance in a Mesoscopic System and Some of its Generalizations
87(13)
Introduction: The ``Single-channel'' Case
87(3)
The Multichannel Landauer Formulation
90(7)
The Onsager-type Relationship in a Magnetic Field: Generalized Multiterminal Conductance Formulas
97(3)
Applications of the Landauer Formulation
100(16)
Series Addition of Quantum Resistors, 1D Localization
100(3)
Parallel Addition of Quantum Resistors, A-B Oscillations of the Conductance
103(9)
On the Universality of the Conductance Fluctuations
112(4)
The Quantum Hall Effect
116(21)
Introduction
116(5)
General Arguments
121(4)
Localization in Strong Magnetic Fields and the QHE
125(4)
Brief Remarks on the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect (FQHE)
129(8)
Mesoscopics with Superconductivity
137(27)
Introduction
137(3)
Superconducting Rings and Thin Wires
140(9)
Weakly Coupled Superconductors, the Josephson Effect and SNS Junctions
149(5)
The Bloch Picture
149(2)
The Josephson Junction and Other Weak Links
151(3)
Brief Remarks on Vortices
154(1)
The Andreev Reflection, More on SN and SNS Junctions
155(9)
Noise in Mesoscopic Systems
164(20)
Introduction
164(2)
Shot-Noise for ``Radiation'' from a Reservoir
166(3)
Low-Frequency (1/f) Noise
169(4)
Quantum Theory of Noise Correlators
173(11)
Introduction and Generalities
173(2)
Thermal Flows Between Coupled Systems
175(1)
An Antenna Coupled to an EM Field with an Arbitrary Number of Photons
176(1)
The Detection of Quantum Noise
176(1)
Derivation of the Basic Noise Results in the Quantum Domain
177(7)
Concluding Remarks
184(22)
Appendices
A The Kubo, Linear Response, Formulation
191(3)
B The Kubo-Greenwood Conductivity and the Edwards-Thouless Relationships
194(1)
C The Aharonov-Bohm Effect and the Byers-Yang and Bloch Theorem
195(1)
D Derivation of Matrix Elements in the Diffusion Regime
196(1)
E A More Careful Treatment of Dephasing in 2D Conductors at Low Temperatures
197(1)
F Anomalies in the Density of States (DOS)
198(2)
G Quasiclassical Theory of Spectral Correlations
200(2)
H Details of the Four-Terminal Formulation
202(1)
I Universality of the Conductance Fluctuations in Terms of the Universal Correlation of Transmission Eigenvalues
203(2)
J The Conductance of Ballistic ``Point Contacts''
205(1)
References 206(28)
Index 234

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