An Introduction to Random Matrices

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Edition: 1st
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2009-12-21
Publisher(s): Cambridge University Press
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Summary

The theory of random matrices plays an important role in many areas of pure mathematics and employs a variety of sophisticated mathematical tools (analytical, probabilistic and combinatorial). This diverse array of tools, while attesting to the vitality of the field, presents several formidable obstacles to the newcomer, and even the expert probabilist. This rigorous introduction to the basic theory is sufficiently self-contained to be accessible to graduate students in mathematics or related sciences, who have mastered probability theory at the graduate level, but have not necessarily been exposed to advanced notions of functional analysis, algebra or geometry. Useful background material is collected in the appendices and exercises are also included throughout to test the reader's understanding. Enumerative techniques, stochastic analysis, large deviations, concentration inequalities, disintegration and Lie algebras all are introduced in the text, which will enable readers to approach the research literature with confidence.

Table of Contents

Prefacep. xiii
Introductionp. 1
Real and complex Wigner matricesp. 6
Real Wigner matrices: traces, moments and combinatoricsp. 6
The semicircle distribution, Catalan numbers and Dyck pathsp. 7
Proof #1 of Wigner's Theorem 2.1.1p. 10
Proof of Lemma 2.1.6: words and graphsp. 11
Proof of Lemma 2.1.7: sentences and graphsp. 17
Some useful approximationsp. 21
Maximal eigenvalues and Füredi-Komlós enumerationp. 23
Central limit theorems for momentsp. 29
Complex Wigner matricesp. 35
Concentration for functionals of random matrices and logarithmic Sobolev inequalitiesp. 38
Smoothness properties of linear functions of the empirical measurep. 38
Concentration inequalities for independent variables satisfying logarithmic Sobolev inequalitiesp. 39
Concentration for Wigner-type matricesp. 42
Stieltjes transforms and recursionsp. 43
Gaussian Wigner matricesp. 45
General Wigner matricesp. 47
Joint distribution of eigenvalues in the GOE and the GUEp. 50
Definition and preliminary discussion of the GOE and the GUEp. 51
Proof of the joint distribution of eigenvaluesp. 54
Selberg's integral formula and proof of (2.5.4)p. 58
Joint distribution of eigenvalues: alternative formulationp. 65
Superposition and decimation relationsp. 66
Large deviations for random matricesp. 70
Large deviations for the empirical measurep. 71
Large deviations for the top eigenvaluep. 81
Bibliographical notesp. 85
Hermite polynomials, spacings and limit distributions for the Gaussian ensemblesp. 90
Summary of main results: spacing distributions in the bulk and edge of the spectrum for the Gaussian ensemblesp. 90
Limit results for the GUEp. 90
Generalizations: limit formulas for the GOE and GSEp. 93
Hermite polynomials and the GUEp. 94
The GUE and determinantal lawsp. 94
Properties of the Hermite polynomials and oscillator wave-functionsp. 99
The semicircle law revisitedp. 101
Calculation of moments of LNp. 102
The Harer-Zagier recursion and Ledoux's argumentp. 103
Quick introduction to Fredholm determinantsp. 107
The setting, fundamental estimates and definition of the Fredholm determinantp. 107
Definition of the Fredholm adjugant, Fredholm resolvent and a fundamental identityp. 110
Gap probabilities at 0 and proof of Theorem 3.1.1p. 114
The method of Laplacep. 115
Evaluation of the scaling limit: proof of Lemma 3.5.1p. 117
A complement: determinantal relationsp. 120
Analysis of the sine-kernelp. 121
General differentiation formulasp. 121
Derivation of the differential equations: proof of Theorem 3.6.1p. 126
Reduction to Painlevé Vp. 128
Edge-scaling: proof of Theorem 3.1.4p. 132
Vague convergence of the largest eigenvalue: proof of Theorem 3.1.4p. 133
Steepest descent: proof of Lemma 3.7.2p. 134
Properties of the Airy functions and proof of Lemma 3.7.1p. 139
Analysis of the Tracy-Widom distribution and proof of Theorem 3.1.5p. 142
The first standard moves of the gamep. 144
The wrinkle in the carpetp. 144
Linkage to Painlevé IIp. 146
Limiting behavior of the GOE and the GSEp. 148
Pfaffians and gap probabilitiesp. 148
Fredholm representation of gap probabilitiesp. 155
Limit calculationsp. 160
Differential equationsp. 170
Bibliographical notesp. 181
Some generalitiesp. 186
Joint distribution of eigenvalues in the classical matrix ensemblesp. 187
Integration formulas for classical ensemblesp. 187
Manifolds, volume measures and the coarea formulap. 193
An integration formula of Weyl typep. 199
Applications of Weyl's formulap. 206
Determinantal point processesp. 214
Point processes: basic definitionsp. 215
Determinantal processesp. 220
Determinantal projectionsp. 222
The CLT for determinantal processesp. 227
Determinantal processes associated with eigenvaluesp. 228
Translation invariant determinantal processesp. 232
One-dimensional translation invariant determinantal processesp. 237
Convergence issuesp. 241
Examplesp. 243
Stochastic analysis for random matricesp. 248
Dyson's Brownian motionp. 249
A dynamical version of Wigner's Theoremp. 262
Dynamical central limit theoremsp. 273
Large deviation boundsp. 277
Concentration of measure and random matricesp. 281
Concentration inequalities for Hermitian matrices with independent entriesp. 282
Concentration inequalities for matrices with dependent entriesp. 287
Tridiagonal matrix models and the ß ensemblesp. 302
Tridiagonal representation of ß ensemblesp. 303
Scaling limits at the edge of the spectrump. 306
Bibliographical notesp. 318
Free probabilityp. 322
Introduction and main resultsp. 323
Noncommutative laws and noncommutative probability spacesp. 325
Algebraic noncommutative probability spaces and lawsp. 325
C*-probability spaces and the weak*-topologyp. 329
W*-probability spacesp. 339
Free independencep. 348
Independence and free independencep. 348
Free independence and combinatoricsp. 354
Consequence of free independence: free convolutionp. 359
Free central limit theoremp. 368
Freeness for unbounded variablesp. 369
Link with random matricesp. 374
Convergence of the operator norm of polynomials of independent GUE matricesp. 394
Bibliographical notesp. 410
Appendicesp. 414
Linear algebra preliminariesp. 414
Identities and boundsp. 414
Perturbations for normal and Hermitian matricesp. 415
Noncommutative matrix Lp-normsp. 416
Brief review of resultants and discriminantsp. 417
Topological preliminariesp. 418
Generalitiesp. 418
Topological vector spaces and weak topologiesp. 420
Banach and Polish spacesp. 422
Some elements of analysisp. 423
Probability measures on Polish spacesp. 423
Generalitiesp. 423
Weak topologyp. 425
Basic notions of large deviationsp. 427
The skew field H of quaternions and matrix theory over Fp. 430
Matrix terminology over F and factorization theoremsp. 431
The spectral theorem and key corollariesp. 433
A specialized result on projectorsp. 434
Algebra for curvature computationsp. 435
Manifoldsp. 437
Manifolds embedded in Euclidean spacep. 438
Proof of the coarea formulap. 442
Metrics, connections, curvature, Hessians, and the Laplace-Beltrami operatorp. 445
Appendix on operator algebrasp. 450
Basic definitionsp. 450
Spectral propertiesp. 452
States and positivityp. 454
von Neumann algebrasp. 455
Noncommutative functional calculusp. 457
Stochastic calculus notionsp. 459
Referencesp. 465
General conventions and notationp. 481
Indexp. 484
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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