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Summary

This book is the eagerly awaited Second Edition of the bestselling book widely acknowledged as the first modern, truly comprehensive work on mitochondria. Mitochondria, Second Edition brings readers up to date on the many significant findings that have occurred since the book was first published nearly a decade ago. As in that seminal first edition, this Second Edition tackles the biochemistry, genetics, and pathology of mitochondria in different organisms. The growth of the subject has required more emphasis on mammalian mitochondria, but fundamental new insights from other organisms are also included. The new edition provides thorough updates of all the literature concerning this vital organelle, its functions, ongoing research surrounding it, and its importance vis-a-vis a broad range of issues in cellular and molecular biology. Mitochondria, Second Edition includes detailed descriptions of current and developing technologies involved in mitochondrial research and discovery, and highlights subjects that are growing, such as the use of proteomics. Complete with black-and-white drawings and photographs, Mitochondria, Second Edition is an invaluable resource for all geneticists, biologists, and educators in the life sciences. It is also of interest to advanced students in genetics and molecular biology. Book jacket.

Author Biography

Immo E. Scheffler, PhD, is Professor in the Division of Biology (Molecular Biology Section) at the University of California, San Diego

Table of Contents

Preface xi
History
1(6)
References
5(2)
Evolutionary Origin of Mitochondria
7(8)
References
13(2)
Structure and Morphology: Integration into the cell
15(33)
Structure and Morphology
15(11)
Integration Into the Cell
26(19)
Distribution in the Cytosol
26(3)
Interaction With Cytoskeleton
29(4)
Mitochondrial Shape Changes
33(4)
Distribution During Cell Division
37(5)
Behavior During Cell Differentiation
42(2)
Turnover and Degradation
44(1)
Unsolved Problems for the Future
45(1)
References
45(3)
Biogenesis
48(93)
The Mitochondrial Genome
48(20)
Introduction
48(3)
The Mitochondrial Genome in Metazoans
51(4)
The Mitochondrial Genome inPlants
55(3)
The Mitochondrial Genome in Fungi
58(4)
The Mitochondrial Genome in Kinetoplastid Protozoa
62(3)
Mitochondrial Plasmids
65(3)
Nuclear Genes Encoding Mitochondrial Proteins
68(13)
Enzymes Required for Mitochondrial Gene Expression
68(3)
Nucleomitochondrial Interactions
71(10)
Replication of Mitochondrial DNA
81(8)
Transcription of mtDNA--RNA Metabolism
89(16)
Transcription in Mammalian Mitochondria
89(3)
Transcription of mtDNA in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
92(1)
Transcription of mtDNA in Plant Mitochondria
93(1)
Transcriptional Termination
94(1)
RNA Processing in Mitochondria
95(2)
RNA Editing in Kinetoplastic Protozoa
97(5)
RNA Editing in Plant Mitochondria
102(1)
Control of mRNA Levels by Turnover
103(2)
Translation of Mitochondrial mRNAs
105(13)
Introduction
105(1)
Codon Usage and tRNA Structure
106(2)
Mitochondrial Ribosomes
108(3)
cis-Acting Elements of Mitochondrial mRNA
111(1)
Translation Factors
112(6)
Protein Import Into Mitochondria
118(11)
Import of tRNA Into Mitochondria
129(1)
Regulated Protein Degradation in Mitochondria
130(2)
Unsolved Problems
132(1)
References
133(8)
Mitochondrial Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
141(105)
Historical Introduction
141(4)
The Electron Transport Chain
145(40)
Biochemical Components
145(6)
Physical Separation of the Complexes of the Electron Transport Chain
151(34)
Electron Transport in Other Organisms
185(4)
NAD(P)H Dehydrogenases
185(1)
A Cyanide-Insensitive Electron Pathway
186(1)
NADH Oxidation in Yeast
187(1)
Energy Metabolism and NADH Oxidation in Trypanosomes
188(1)
The Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
189(13)
The Mitchell Hypothesis
189(6)
The Q Cycle
195(3)
Probing the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential With Fluorescent Dyes
198(4)
ATP Synthase (F1F0-ATPase)
202(16)
Introduction
202(3)
X-ray Structure
205(3)
ATP Synthesis and Catalytic Mechanisms
208(6)
The F0 Subcomplex and Proton Flow
214(4)
Control of Respiration and Oxidative Phosphorylation
218(17)
General Considerations
218(7)
The Uncoupling Proteins in Warm-Blooded Animals
225(3)
Uncoupling in Other Organisms
228(1)
Transport of Small Solutes Into and Out of Mitochondria
229(6)
Reactive Oxygen Species
235(2)
The Role of Specific Lipids
237(1)
References
238(8)
Metabolic Pathways Inside Mitochondria
246(27)
Introduction
246(1)
The Krebs Cycle
247(4)
Fatty Acid MEtabolism
251(5)
The Urea Cycle
256(1)
Biosynthesis of Heme
257(4)
Cardiolipin and Lipid Biosynthesis/Metabolism
261(4)
Biosynthesis of Ubiquinol (Coenzyme Q)
265(6)
References
271(2)
Mitochondrial Mutations and Disease
273(53)
In Cell Culture
274(5)
Mitochondrial Mutations in Microorganisms
274(2)
Respiration-Deficient Mammalian Cells
276(3)
Molecular Genetics of Mitochondrial Diseases
279(18)
Introduction
279(1)
Maternal vs Sporadic Inheritance
280(3)
Mapping mtDNA Deletions/Rearrangements
283(1)
Maternal Inheritance of mtDNA Point Mutations
284(3)
Mitochondria and Oogenesis
287(4)
Clinical Aspects of mtDNA Mutations
291(5)
Conclusion
296(1)
Mitochondrial DNA and Aging
297(8)
Introduction
297(1)
Accumulation of mtDNA Damage and Normal Aging
298(4)
Parkinson's Disease
302(1)
Alzheimer's Disease
303(1)
Huntington's Disease
304(1)
Mitochondria and Apoptosis
305(9)
Introduction
305(2)
The Bcl-2 Protein and the Permeability Transition
307(4)
Apoptosis and Cytochrome c
311(1)
Protein--Protein Interactions
312(2)
Fungal Senescence
314(1)
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Plants
315(4)
References
319(7)
Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphisms and Anthropology
326(16)
Introduction
326(1)
Human Evolution
327(5)
Primate Evolution
332(2)
Human Y Chromosome Variation
334(1)
Forensic Applications
335(4)
Future Challenges
339(1)
References
340(2)
Mitochondria and Pharmacology
342(3)
Introduction
342(1)
References
343(2)
Glossary 345(8)
Index 353

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