Physical Computing: Sensing and Controlling the Physical World with Computers,9781592003464

Physical Computing: Sensing and Controlling the Physical World with Computers

by ;
Edition: 1st
ISBN13: 9781592003464
ISBN10: 159200346X
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2004-05-28
Publisher(s): Cengage Learning PTR
List Price: $20.69

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Summary

The computer revolution has made it easy for people with little to no technical training to use a computer for such everyday tasks as typing a letter, saving files, or recording data. But what about more imaginative purposes such as starting your car, opening a door, or tracking the contents of your refrigerator? "Physical Computing" will not only change the way you use your computer, it will change the way you think about your computer-how you view its capabilities, how you interact with it, and how you pu

Author Biography

Tom Igoe is a professor of physical computing at the Interactive Telecommunications Program in the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University.

Table of Contents

Introduction xvii
PART I The Basics 1(178)
Chapter 1 Electricity
3(6)
Transduction: Electrical Basics
3(2)
Electricity versus Electronics
5(1)
How Electricity Flows
6(3)
Chapter 2 Shopping
9(24)
Solderless Breadboard
9(1)
Microcontrollers
10(3)
Microcontroller Features (in Order of Priority)
10(2)
High-Level Microcontroller Modules
12(1)
Mid-Level Microcontroller Modules
12(1)
Low-Level Solutions
13(1)
Common Components
13(6)
Switches
14(1)
Resistors
15(1)
Variable Resistors
15(1)
Capacitors
16(1)
Diodes
17(1)
Transistors and Relays
18(1)
Wires
19(1)
Power Supply
20(1)
Power Connector
21(1)
Voltage Regulator
21(1)
RC Servomotor
21(1)
Serial Connector
22(1)
Serial Cable
22(1)
Project Box
23(1)
Clock Crystals
23(1)
Headers
23(1)
Cable Ties
24(1)
USB-to-Serial Adaptor
24(1)
Tools
25(3)
Shopping List
28(4)
Bringing It All Back Home
32(1)
Chapter 3 Building Circuits
33(16)
Schematics
33(1)
Connection Symbols
34(1)
Power Symbols
34(1)
Finding Schematics
35(1)
Breadboards
35(1)
Where Does the Microcontroller Fit In?
36(1)
Translating Schematics into Circuits
37(2)
Using a Multimeter
39(2)
Soldering
41(1)
Powering the Breadboard
42(5)
Connecting the Quick and Dirty Way
42(2)
Connecting the Professional Way
44(1)
Voltage Regulators
44(3)
Be Neat
47(2)
Chapter 4 The Microcontroller
49(16)
"Hello World!" Is the Hard Part
49(1)
Where Does the Microcontroller Fit In?
49(2)
Input
50(1)
Output
50(1)
Routing Inputs to Outputs
51(1)
Identifying the Pins of the Microcontroller
51(2)
Lower-Level Microcontrollers: External Clock
53(1)
Your First Microcontroller-Based Circuit
53(1)
Getting Your Program to the Chip
54(1)
Programming Stamp-Like Modules
55(4)
Stamp-Like Programming Hardware Connection
56(1)
Stamp-Like Programming Software Environments
56(3)
Programming Lower-Level Chips
59(3)
The Hardware Programmer
59(1)
Lower-Level Programming Software Environments
59(3)
Debugging
62(3)
Chapter 5 Programming
65(22)
The Good News
65(1)
Flow Control: How a Computer "Reads" a Program
65(1)
Loops
66(1)
If Statements
67(1)
Variables
68(4)
Built-In Routines: Subroutines and Functions
72(3)
Homemade Routines
75(1)
Advanced Loops: While-Wend and For-Next
76(4)
While-Wend or Do-While
77(1)
For-Next
78(2)
Pseudocode
80(1)
Comments
81(1)
Debugging
82(2)
Good Debugging Habits
84(2)
The Bad News
86(1)
Chapter 6 The "Big Four" Schematics, Programs, and Transducers
87(50)
Digital Input
87(9)
Transducers: Switches
87(3)
Digital Input Circuit
90(1)
Programming
91(5)
Digital Output
96(6)
Transducers
96(3)
Circuit
99(2)
Programming
101(1)
Analog Input
102(10)
Transducers
103(1)
Circuit
104(4)
Programming
108(3)
Pulsewidth Modulation for Input
111(1)
Analog Output
112(15)
Pulsewidth Modulation for Output
112(2)
LED Dimming
114(1)
DC Motor Speed Control
114(3)
Generating Tones
117(4)
RC Servo Motors
121(6)
From Analog In to Analog Out: Scaling Functions
127(9)
Conclusion
136(1)
Chapter 7 Communicating between Computers
137(42)
Physical Agreement
138(1)
Timing Agreement
139(1)
Electrical Agreement
140(1)
Package Size
140(1)
Numbers or Letters: Using ASCII
141(1)
Software for the Microcontroller
142(1)
Serial Output from a Microcontroller
143(6)
Testing with an LED
149(1)
Testing with Terminal Software
149(1)
Serial Input to a Microcontroller
150(3)
Serial Freeze and Blocking Functions
153(2)
Your Private Protocol
155(5)
Punctuation
155(2)
Call and Response
157(3)
Sending Bigger Numbers
160(2)
Send Your Numbers as Text
160(1)
Scaling Your Numbers
160(1)
Sending Big Numbers in Many Bytes
161(1)
Serial Communication on a Multimedia Computer
162(16)
Serial in Lingo
163(6)
Serial in Processing
169(2)
Serial in Java
171(5)
Serial in Max/MSP
176(2)
Conclusion
178(1)
PART II Advanced Methods 179(236)
Chapter 8 Physical Interaction Design, or Techniques for Polite Conversation
181(36)
The Conversation: Listening, Speaking, and Thinking
181(6)
Listening
181(3)
Speaking
184(3)
Complex Responses
187(2)
Random Numbers
188(1)
Thinking
189(1)
Techniques for Effective Interaction
189(27)
Multitasking
189(6)
Edge Detection
195(4)
Analog Sensors: Thresholds, Edges, and Peaks
199(6)
Debouncing
205(2)
Smoothing, Sampling, and Averaging
207(9)
Conclusion
216(1)
Chapter 9 Sensing Movement
217(32)
Assessing the Problem
217(2)
How Ranging Sensors Work
219(1)
Detecting Presence
220(3)
Foot Switches
220(1)
Photoelectric Switches
220(1)
Motion Detectors
221(1)
Magnetic Switches
222(1)
Determining Position
223(5)
IR Sensors
223(2)
Ultrasonic Sensors
225(2)
Other Position Sensors
227(1)
Determining Rotation
228(6)
Potentiometers
228(1)
Accelerometers
229(4)
Compass
233(1)
Encoders
233(1)
Speed of Rotation
234(1)
Gyroscopes
234(1)
Video Tracking
234(12)
Video Tracking in Director MX
237(2)
Video Tracking in Max/MSP
239(1)
Video Tracking in Processing
240(2)
Video Tracking in Java
242(3)
CMUcam
245(1)
Identity
246(2)
Conclusion
248(1)
Chapter 10 Making Movement
249(36)
Types of Motion, Types of Motors
249(2)
Characteristics of Motors
251(1)
Special Electrical Needs of Motors
252(3)
Inductive Loads and Back Voltage
252(2)
Smoothing Current Drops Using Decoupling Capacitors
254(1)
Controlling Motors
255(4)
Controlling DC Motors and Gearhead Motors
255(4)
Controlling RC Servos
259(1)
Controlling Stepper Motors
259(10)
Unipolar Stepper Motors
260(3)
Bipolar Stepper Motors
263(6)
Controlling Solenoids
269(2)
Basic Mechanics: Converting Motor Motion to Usable Motion
271(10)
Simple Machines
272(6)
Joints
278(1)
Linkages
279(2)
Construction
281(2)
Foamcore
282(1)
Tupperware
282(1)
Wood
282(1)
Plexiglas
282(1)
Adhesives
282(1)
Erector, Meccano, K'nex
283(1)
Black Cloth
283(1)
Conclusion
283(2)
Chapter 11 Touch Me
285(10)
Force-Sensitive Resistors
285(2)
Homegrown FSRs
286(1)
Flex Sensors
287(1)
Pressure Sensors
287(1)
Sensing Touch Using Capacitance Sensors
287(2)
Off-the-Shelf Touch Interfaces
289(1)
Sensing Vibrations Using Piezoelectric Sensors
289(2)
Creating Vibrations
291(1)
Taking Your Temperature
291(1)
Cooling Things Off and Heating Them Up
292(1)
Getting Under Your Skin
293(1)
Force Feedback
294(1)
Conclusion
294(1)
Chapter 12 More Communication between Devices
295(58)
Synchronous and Asynchronous Communication
296(1)
Asynchronous Serial Protocols
296(1)
Learning a Protocol
297(1)
RS-232 Boxes
298(1)
Global Positioning System Data
299(3)
Finding a GPS Receiver
299(1)
Learning the GPS Protocol
299(3)
MIDI
302(12)
MIDI Physical and Electrical Connections
303(2)
Sending MIDI Messages
305(9)
Connecting to the Internet
314(18)
Network Connection Using the CoBox Micro
316(11)
Network Connection in Lingo
327(3)
Network Connection in Processing
330(2)
Connecting over Telephone Lines Using Modems
332(1)
Special-Function ICs and Modules
333(3)
Synchronous Serial Protocols
336(8)
Wireless Serial Communication
344(1)
Infrared Serial Communication
345(1)
RF Serial Communication
345(7)
Bluetooth
349(1)
Wireless Ethernet
350(1)
Wireless Ethernet Security
351(1)
Conclusion
352(1)
Chapter 13 Controlling Sound and Light
353(28)
Sound
353(11)
Sound Input
354(5)
Synthesizing Sound on a Microcontroller
359(1)
Speech
360(1)
Telephone Sounds
361(3)
Light
364(1)
BX-Basic
364(6)
Light Sensors
365(1)
DC Lighting Control
366(1)
AC Lighting Control
367(3)
Screen Graphics
370(6)
Controlling Character Displays
370(1)
Controlling Video Displays
370(6)
Linear Media on a Multimedia Computer
376(1)
Linear Media on a Microcontroller
376(3)
Single-Board Computers
379(1)
Conclusion
380(1)
Chapter 14 Managing Multiple Inputs and Outputs
381(34)
Setting Groups of Pins in Parallel
381(4)
Bitwise Operations
385(3)
Running Out of Pins
388(1)
Resistor Ladders as Analog Input
388(1)
Row-Column Scanning
389(8)
Row-Column Scanning Analog Inputs
396(1)
Row-Column Scanning Outputs
396(1)
Shift Registers
397(7)
Multiplexers
404(5)
Latches
409(5)
Conclusion
414(1)
Appendix A Choosing a Microcontroller 415(8)
Costs
415(1)
Time
416(1)
Expandability/Compatibility
416(1)
Physical and Electrical Characteristics
416(1)
The Microcontrollers Covered in This Book
417(3)
Parallax Basic Stamp 2
417(1)
NetMedia BX-24
418(1)
Basic Micro Basic Atom Pro24
418(1)
Microchip PIC
418(2)
PIC Programmers
420(3)
Appendix B Recommended Suppliers 423(10)
The Staples
423(2)
Microcontrollers
423(1)
Electronics Parts
424(1)
Software
424(1)
The Extras
425(8)
Hardware
425(7)
Software
432(1)
Appendix C Schematic Glossary 433(10)
Common Schematic Terms and Abbreviations
441(2)
Index 443

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