Critical Thinking

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Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2001-12-26
Publisher(s): Routledge
List Price: $30.98

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Summary

Critical Thinking is a much-needed guide to thinking skills and above all to thinking critically for oneself. Through clear discussion, students learn the skills required to tell a good argument from a bad one.Key features include:*jargon-free discussion of key concepts in argumentation*how to avoid confusions surrounding words such as 'truth', 'knowledge' and 'opinion'*how to identify and evaluate the most common types of argument*how to spot fallacies in arguments and tell good reasoning from bad*topical examples from politics, sport, medicine, music*chapter summaries, glossary and exercisesCritical Thinking is essential reading for anyone, student or professional, seeking to improve their reasoning and arguing skills.

Author Biography

Tracy Bowell is lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Waikato, New Zealand Gary Kemp is senior lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Glasgow, UK

Table of Contents

Preface to the first editionp. vii
Preface to the second editionp. ix
Introduction and previewp. x
Why should we become critical thinkers?p. 1
Beginning to think critically
Aspects of meaning
Standard form
Identifying conclusions and premises
Arguments and explanations
Intermediate conclusions
Linguistic phenomena
Logic: deductive validityp. 43
The principle of charity
Truth
Deductive validity
Conditional propositions
Deductive soundness
The connection to formal logic
Argument trees
Logic: inductive forcep. 80
Inductive force
'All', 'most' and 'some'
Soft generalisations
Inductive soundness
Probability in the premises
Arguments with multiple probabilistic premises
Inductive force in extended arguments
Conditional probability in the conclusion
Evidence
Inductive inferences
A programme for assessment
Rhetorical ploys and fallaciesp. 113
Rhetorical ploys
Fallacies
Further fallacies
The practice of argument-reconstructionp. 168
Extraneous material
Defusing the rhetoric
Logical streamlining
Implicit and explicit
Connecting premises
Covering generalisations
Relevance
Ambiguity and vagueness
More on generalisations
Practical reasoning
Balancing costs, benefits and probabilities
Explanations as conclusions
Causal generalisations
A shortcut
Issues in argument assessmentp. 226
Rational persuasiveness
Some strategies for logical assessment
Refutation by counterexample
Avoiding the 'who is to say?' criticism
Don't merely label the position
Argument commentary
A complete example
Commentary on the commentary
Truth, knowledge and beliefp. 261
Truth and relativity
True for me, true for you
Truth, value and morality
Belief, justification and truth
Justification without arguments
Knowledge
Justification failure
Knowledge and rational persuasiveness
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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