Public Speaking,9780395808825

Public Speaking

by
Edition: 1st
ISBN13: 9780395808825
ISBN10: 0395808820
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 1996-10-29
Publisher(s): Wadsworth Publishing
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Table of Contents

Preface x
List of Speeches
xxii
PART ONE The Foundations of Public Speaking 1(98)
You as a Public Speaker
2(32)
How a Public Speaking Course Can Help You
4(8)
Personal Benefits
5(2)
Social Benefits
7(2)
Cultural Benefits
9(3)
Public Speaking as Communication
12(11)
Public Speaking as Expanded Conversation
12(3)
Distinctive Features of Public Speaking
15(6)
Communication as Transformation
21(2)
You as an Ethical Speaker
23(5)
Respect for the Integrity of Ideas
23(4)
Concern for Listeners
27(1)
In Summary
28(2)
Terms to Know
30(1)
Discussion
30(1)
Application
30(2)
Notes
32
Speaker's Notes How to Avoid Plagiarism
27(7)
Your First Speech
34(32)
Understanding the Impressions You Make
36(5)
Competence
37(1)
Integrity
37(1)
Likableness
38(1)
Forcefulness
39(2)
Introducing Yourself and Others
41(5)
Developing Your First Speech
46(5)
Designing Your Speech
46(2)
Introduction
48(1)
Body
49(1)
Conclusion
50(1)
Outlining Your First Speech
51(1)
Presenting Your First Speech
52(3)
Spotlight the Ideas
52(1)
Sound Natural
53(1)
Key-Word Outline
54(1)
Practice Your Speech
54(1)
Controlling Your Communication Anxiety
55(3)
In Summary
58(1)
Terms to Know
59(1)
Discussion
59(1)
Application
60(2)
Notes
62
Speaker's Notes Self-awareness Inventory
46(4)
Speaker's Notes Preparing Your First Speech
50(7)
Speaker's Notes Ten Ways to Control Communication Anxiety
57(7)
Sample Speech of Self-Introduction Sandra Baltz ``My Three Cultures''
64(2)
Developing Your Listening Skills
66(33)
The Nature and Importance of Effective Listening
68(5)
What Constitutes Effective Listening
69(1)
Benefits of Effective Listening
70(3)
Overcoming Barriers to Effective Listening
73(8)
External Sources of Interference
74(1)
Internal Sources of Interference
75(6)
Developing Your Critical Thinking and Listening Skills
81(4)
Evaluating Speeches
85(8)
Overall Considerations
86(3)
Evaluating Substance
89(1)
Evaluating Structure
90(1)
Evaluating Presentation Skills
91(2)
Your Ethical Responsibilities as a Listener
93(1)
In Summary
94(1)
Terms to Know
95(1)
Discussion
95(1)
Application
96(1)
Notes
96
Speaker's Notes Improving Your Listening Skills
80(5)
Speaker's Notes Guides for Critical Thinking and Listening
85(14)
PART TWO Preparation for Public Speaking 99(174)
Adapting to Your Audience and Situation
100(38)
Adapting to Audience Dynamics
102(8)
Motivation
102(5)
Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values
107(3)
Adjusting to Audience Demographics
110(7)
Age
111(1)
Gender
112(1)
Educational Level
113(1)
Group Affiliations
114(2)
Sociocultural Background
116(1)
Meeting the Challenges of Audience Diversity
117(7)
Stereotypes and Bias
118(1)
Ethnocentrism, Sexism, and Racism
118(4)
Finding Common Ground
122(2)
Adjusting to the Communication Situation
124(5)
Time
124(1)
Place
125(1)
Occasion
126(1)
Size of Audience
126(1)
Context
127(2)
In Summary
129(1)
Terms to Know
130(1)
Discussion
130(1)
Application
131(2)
Notes
133
Speaker's Notes Avoiding Racist and Sexist Language
121(3)
Speaker's Notes Check List for Analyzing the Communication Situation
124(14)
Selecting and Researching Your Topic
138(34)
Finding a Good Topic
142(5)
Charting Interests
142(3)
Analyzing Your Topic
145(1)
Selecting Your Topic
146(1)
Determining Your Purpose
147(5)
General Function
147(1)
Specific Purpose
148(1)
Thesis Statement and Preview
149(3)
Acquiring Responsible Knowledge
152(13)
Personal Experience
154(1)
Library Research
155(6)
Interviewing for Information
161(4)
Recording Information
165(2)
Information Cards
165(1)
Source Cards
166(1)
Testing Information
166(1)
In Summary
167(1)
Terms to Know
168(1)
Discussion
169(1)
Application
169(2)
Notes
171
Speaker's Notes Criteria for a Good Speech Topic
142(21)
Speaker's Notes The Art of Interviewing
163(9)
Using Supporting Materials in Your Speech
172(30)
Facts and Statistics
174(7)
Facts
174(2)
Statistics
176(2)
Evaluating Facts and Statistics
178(1)
Using Facts and Statistics
179(2)
Testimony
181(3)
Expert Testimony
181(1)
Lay Testimony
182(1)
Prestige Testimony
183(1)
Evaluating and Using Testimony
183(1)
Examples
184(5)
Types of Examples
186(2)
Evaluating and Using Examples
188(1)
Narratives
189(4)
Evaluating Narratives
191(2)
Three Techniques for Using Supporting Materials
193(3)
Comparison
193(1)
Contrast
194(1)
Analogy
194(2)
Deciding What Supporting Material You Should Use
196(1)
In Summary
196(2)
Terms to Know
198(1)
Discussion
198(1)
Application
198(1)
Notes
199
Speaker's Notes Using Facts and Statistics
179(5)
Speaker's Notes Using Testimony
184(4)
Speaker's Notes Using Examples
188(4)
Speaker's Notes Using Humor
192(10)
Structuring Your Speech
202(36)
Principles of Good Form
204(4)
Simplicity
204(2)
Balance
206(2)
Order
208(1)
Structuring the Body of Your Speech
208(7)
Determine Your Main Points
208(2)
Arranging Your Main Points
210(3)
Adding Supporting Materials
213(2)
Using Transitions
215(3)
Introducing Your Message
218(10)
Capturing Attention
218(8)
Establishing Your Credibility
226(1)
Focus and Preview Your Message
227(1)
Selecting and Using Introductory Techniques
228(1)
Developing an Effective Conclusion
228(4)
Summarizing Your Message
228(1)
Concluding Remarks
229(3)
In Summary
232(1)
Terms to Know
233(1)
Discussion
233(1)
Application
234(1)
Notes
235
Speaker's Notes Determine and Arranging Your Main Points
212(13)
Speaker's Notes Capturing Attention
225(13)
Outlining Your Speech
238(35)
Developing a Working Outline
241(7)
Developing Your Main Points
241(2)
Developing Your Subpoints
243(2)
Completing Your Working Outline
245(3)
Developing a Formal Outline
248(15)
Topic, Specific Purpose, and Thesis Statement
248(2)
Separation of Speech Parts
250(1)
Numbering and Lettering Your Outline
250(2)
Wording Your Outline
252(2)
Supporting Your Main Points
254(1)
Title
254(1)
Changing Your Working Outline to a Formal Outline
254(6)
Listing Your References
260(3)
Developing a Key-Word Outline
263(3)
In Summary
266(1)
Terms to Know
267(1)
Discussion
267(1)
Application
267(1)
Notes
268
Speaker's Notes Checklist for a Working Outline
248(15)
Speaker's Notes Checklist for a Formal Outline
263(6)
Annotated Sample Speech Warming Our World and Chilling Our Future
269(4)
PART THREE Developing Presentation Skills 273(106)
Presentation Aids
274(36)
Uses and Advantages of Presentation Aids
276(2)
Kinds of Presentation Aids
278(12)
People
278(1)
Objects and Models
279(2)
Graphics
281(7)
Pictures
288(2)
Presentation Media
290(9)
Flip Chart
291(1)
Poster Board
292(1)
Handouts
293(1)
Chalk and Marker Boards
293(1)
Overhead Projections and Slides
294(2)
Videotapes and Audiotapes
296(1)
Computer-Generated Materials and Computer-Assisted Presentations
296(2)
Ethical Considerations
298(1)
Preparing Presentation Aids
299(5)
Principles of Design
300(2)
Principles of Color
302(1)
Making Presentation Aids
303(1)
Using Presentation Aids
304(1)
In Summary
305(1)
Terms to Know
306(1)
Discussion
306(1)
Application
307(1)
Notes
307
Speaker's Notes Planning and Preparing Presentation Aids
304(6)
Using Language Effectively
310(32)
The Power of the Spoken Word
312(9)
The Power to Make Listeners See
314(1)
The Power to Awaken Feelings
315(1)
The Power to Bring Listeners Together
316(3)
The Power to Encourage Action
319(2)
Using Language Resources
321(8)
Resources that Shape Audience Perceptions
321(2)
Resources that Help Arouse Feelings
323(2)
Resources that Bring People Together
325(3)
Resources that Encourage Action
328(1)
Using Language Effectively
329(7)
Clarity
330(2)
Color
332(1)
Concreteness
333(1)
Correctness
333(1)
Conciseness
334(1)
Cultural Sensitivity
335(1)
In Summary
336(1)
Terms to Know
337(1)
Discussion
337(1)
Application
338(1)
Notes
339
Speaker's Notes Nine Features of Spoken Language
314(9)
Speaker's Notes How Language Helps us See: The Three R's and Their Techniques
323(7)
Speaker's Notes The Six C's of Effective Language Use
330(12)
Presenting Your Speech
342(37)
What Makes an Effective Presentation?
346
Methods of Presentation
345(11)
Impromptu Speaking
345(2)
Memorized Text Presentation
347(1)
Reading from a Manuscript
348(1)
Extemporaneous Speaking
349(2)
Making Video Presentations
351(3)
Handling Questions and Answers
354(2)
Using Your Voice Effectively
356(10)
Pitch
355(4)
Rate
359(3)
Loudness
362(1)
Variety
363(1)
Patterns of Speaking
364(2)
Using Your Body to Communicate
366(6)
Facial Expression and Eye Contact
367(1)
Movement and Gestures
368(2)
Personal Appearance
370(1)
The Importance of Practice
370(2)
In Summary
372(1)
Terms to Know
373(1)
Discussion
374(1)
Application
374(1)
Notes
375
Speaker's Notes Handling Questions and Answers
355(16)
Speaker's Notes Practicing for Presentation
371(8)
PART FOUR Types of Public Speaking 379(1)
Informative Speaking
380(2)
The Functions of Informative Speaking
382(1)
Sharing Information and Ideas
382(1)
Shaping Audience Perceptions
383(1)
Setting the Agenda
384(1)
Clarifying Options
384(1)
Helping Your Audience Learn
385(1)
Motivation
385(1)
Attention
386(2)
Retention
388(1)
Types of Informative Speeches
389(1)
Speeches of Description
390(1)
Speeches of Demonstration
390(1)
Speeches of Explanation
391(1)
Briefings
392(2)
Speech Designs
394(1)
Spatial Design
394(1)
Sequential Design
395(3)
Categorical Design
398(1)
Comparative Design
399(2)
Causation Design
401(1)
Combined Speech Designs
403(1)
In Summary
404(1)
Terms to Know
405(1)
Discussion
405(1)
Application
406(1)
Notes
406
Speaker's Notes Helping Listeners Learn
389(4)
Speaker's Notes Preparing for a Briefing
393(15)
Sample Informative Speech Stephen Huff The New Madrid Earthquake Area
408(6)
Persuasive Speaking
414(3)
Six Characteristics of Persuasive Speaking
417(2)
The Process of Persuasion
419(4)
The Challenges of Persuasion
423(1)
Enticing a Reluctant Audience to Listen
423(4)
Removing Barriers to Commitment
427(1)
Moving from Attitude to Action
428(2)
Major Persuasive Functions
430(1)
Addressing Attitudes and Values
430(1)
Urging Action and the Support of Policies
431(1)
Contending with Opposition
432(1)
Designs for Persuasive Speaking
433(1)
Problems-Solution Design
434(2)
Motivated Sequence Design
436(2)
Refutative Design
438(2)
In Summary
440(1)
Terms to Know
441(1)
Discussion
442(1)
Application
442(1)
Notes
443
Speaker's Notes Applying McGuire's Model of the Persuasive Process to Your Speeches
422(6)
Speaker's Notes Meeting the Challenge of an Uncommitted Audience
428(2)
Speaker's Notes Meeting the Challenge of Moving an Audience to Action
430(15)
Sample Persuasive Speech Anna Aley We Don't Have to Live in Slums
445(3)
Evidence, Proof, and Argument
448(2)
Using Evidence Effectively
450(1)
Facts and Statistics
451(1)
Examples
452(1)
Narratives
452(1)
Testimony
453(1)
Proving Your Points
454(1)
Logos
455(1)
Pathos
456(1)
Ethos
457(1)
Mythos
458(2)
Weaving the Fabric of Proof
460(1)
Forming Arguments
461(1)
Deductive Argument
462(3)
Inductive Argument
465(4)
Analogical Argument
469(1)
The Importance of Defining Terms
470(1)
Avoiding Defective Persuasion
471(1)
Defective Evidence
471(2)
Defective Proof
473(1)
Defective Arguments
474(2)
Fallacies Related to Particular Designs
476(1)
In Summary
477(1)
Terms to Know
478(1)
Discussion
479(1)
Application
479(1)
Notes
479
Speaker's Notes Guidelines for the Ethical Use of Evidence
454(7)
Speaker's Notes When and How to Use Proof
461(9)
Speaker's Notes Developing Powerful Arguments
470(11)
Sample Speech James Cardoza Reduce, Refuse, Reuse
481(5)
Ceremonial Speaking
486(2)
Techniques of Ceremonial Speaking
488(1)
Identification
488(2)
Magnification
490(1)
Types of Ceremonial Speeches
491(1)
The Speech of Tribute
491(4)
Acceptance Speeches
495(3)
The Speech of Introduction
498(2)
The Speech of Inspiration
500(2)
The After-Dinner Speech
502(3)
Master of Ceremonies
505(2)
In Summary
507(1)
Terms to Know
508(1)
Discussion
508(1)
Application
508(1)
Notes
508
Speaker's Notes Making an Acceptance Speech
498(2)
Speaker's Notes Introducing Featured Speakers
500(1)
Sample Speech A Tribute to Wilma Rudolph
511
APPENDIX A Group Communication A1
Group Problem Solving
A4
Reflective-Thinking and Problem Solving
A4
Other Approaches to Group Problem Solving
A7
Participating in Small Groups
A10
Leadership in Small Groups
A10
Planning Meetings
A12
Conducting an Effective Meeting
A13
Guidelines for Formal Meetings
A14
Notes
A16
APPENDIX B Speeches for Analysis B1
``Free at Last''
B3
Rod Nishikawa
``The Magnificent Juggler''
B4
Laura Haskins
``The `Monument' at Wounded Knee''
B6
Cecile Larson
``The Trouble with Numbers''
B7
Stephen Lee
``Living Wills: Insuring Your Right to Choose''
B9
Bonnie Marshall
``Secondhand Smoke''
B13
Gina Norman
``Pesticides Speech''
B15
Cesar Chavez
``Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech''
B18
Elie Wiesel
``Address to the Fourth World Conference on Women''
B20
Hillary Clinton
``Women in Public Life: Radcliffe University Commencement Speech''
B25
Elizabeth Dole
``Address at Awards Dinner of National Football Foundation''
B28
Dick Jackman
``Martin Luther King at the Mountaintop''
B29
John Scipio
Glossary G-1
Index I-1

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